Fast transport of HCl across a hydrophobic layer over macroscopic distances by using a Pt(ii) compound as the transporter

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (69) ◽  
pp. 7611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Giannetto ◽  
Santo Lanza ◽  
Fausto Puntoriero ◽  
Massimiliano Cordaro ◽  
Sebastiano Campagna
Keyword(s):  
Fast Transport ◽  
Hydrophobic Layer

Fast transport of HCl across a hydrophobic layer over macroscopic distances by using a Pt(II) compound as the transporter. Part II: Micro- and nanometric aggregates as effective transporters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Giannetto ◽  
Francesco Nastasi ◽  
Fausto Puntiero ◽  
Giovanni Bella ◽  
Sebastiano Campagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Hydrophobic Layer

Bis-(diethyl-dithioxamidate)platinum(II) is able to transport HCl from the donor aqueous phase to the receiving one over a mean distance of 12 cm in about 3 minutes across an organic membrane...

Nano-Lipidic Carriers as a Tool for Drug Targeting to the Pilosebaceous Units

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 3251-3268
Author(s):  
Shweta Ramkar ◽  
Abhishek K. Sah ◽  
Nagendra Bhuwane ◽  
Ishwari Choudhary ◽  
Narayan Hemnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Pilosebaceous Unit ◽  
Tissue Targeting ◽  
Bulge Region ◽  
Drug Reservoir ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Topical Applications

The pilosebaceous unit is the triad comprising of hair follicle, arrector pilli muscle, and sebaceous gland. Drug delivery to and through the hair follicles has garnered much attention of the researchers and the hair follicles represent an attractive target site via topical applications. They are bordered by capillaries and antigenpresenting cells, connected to the sebaceous glands and the bulge region of the hair follicle anchors the stem cells. The nano lipid carriers have the propensity to penetrate through the skin via transcellular route, intracellular route and follicular route. It has been established that nano lipid carriers have the potential for follicular drug delivery and provide some advantages over conventional pathways, including improved bioavailability, enhanced penetration depth, fast transport into the skin, tissue targeting and form a drug reservoir for prolonged release. This review describes the pilosebaceous unit (PSU) and related diseases and the recent lipid-based nanotechnology approaches for drug delivery to the follicular unit as well as related issues. Different types of nano lipid carriers, including ethosomes, liposomes, nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nano lipid carriers (NLCs) have been reported for follicular drug delivery. Targeted drug delivery with nano-lipid carriers has the potential to augment the efficacy of drugs/bioactives to treat diseases of PSU. This review systematically introduces the activities of different formulations and the use of nano lipid carriers in treating PSU related disorders like alopecia, acne, and hirsutism.

scholarly journals “Artificial Wood” Lignocellulosic Membranes: Influence of Kraft Lignin on the Properties and Gas Transport in Tunicate-Based Nanocellulose Composites

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Ievgen Pylypchuk ◽  
Roman Selyanchyn ◽  
Tetyana Budnyak ◽  
Yadong Zhao ◽  
Mikael Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knudsen Diffusion ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Sizes ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Cellulose Membranes

Nanocellulose membranes based on tunicate-derived cellulose nanofibers, starch, and ~5% wood-derived lignin were investigated using three different types of lignin. The addition of lignin into cellulose membranes increased the specific surface area (from 5 to ~50 m2/g), however the fine porous geometry of the nanocellulose with characteristic pores below 10 nm in diameter remained similar for all membranes. The permeation of H2, CO2, N2, and O2 through the membranes was investigated and a characteristic Knudsen diffusion through the membranes was observed at a rate proportional to the inverse of their molecular sizes. Permeability values, however, varied significantly between samples containing different lignins, ranging from several to thousands of barrers (10−10 cm3 (STP) cm cm−2 s−1 cmHg−1cm), and were related to the observed morphology and lignin distribution inside the membranes. Additionally, the addition of ~5% lignin resulted in a significant increase in tensile strength from 3 GPa to ~6–7 GPa, but did not change thermal properties (glass transition or thermal stability). Overall, the combination of plant-derived lignin as a filler or binder in cellulose–starch composites with a sea-animal derived nanocellulose presents an interesting new approach for the fabrication of membranes from abundant bio-derived materials. Future studies should focus on the optimization of these types of membranes for the selective and fast transport of gases needed for a variety of industrial separation processes.

scholarly journals Hedging price volatility using fast transport

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Hummels ◽  
Georg Schaur
Keyword(s):  
Price Volatility ◽  
Fast Transport

Three-Pore Model Predictions of 24-Hour Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy Using Bimodal Solutions

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alp Akonur ◽  
J. Ken Leypoldt
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Patient Transport ◽  
Pore Model ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Baxter Healthcare ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Transport Type

BackgroundRecently, bimodal peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions containing low concentrations of Na have been shown to increase 24-hour ultrafiltration (UF) or UF efficiency (UF volume per gram of carbohydrate or CHO absorbed) and Na removal in high (“fast”) transport patients during automated PD therapy. We used computer simulations to compare UF efficiency and Na removal at equivalent 24-hour UF volumes using either a generic bimodal solution (2.27% glucose + 7.5% icodextrin) during the long dwell or an increase in the glucose concentration during the short dwells, with all solutions containing Na at the conventional concentration (132 mEq/L).MethodsThe 3-pore model has been shown to accurately predict peritoneal transport for PD solutions containing glucose or icodextrin, or both. Here, we used that model to calculate 24-hour UF volume, CHO absorption, and Na removal for high (H), high-average (HA), and low-average (LA) transport patients on automated PD. Nighttime therapy consisted of 1.36% or 2.27% glucose solution (or both), and daytime therapy consisted of either Extraneal (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA) or a bimodal solution.ResultsAs expected, addition of glucose to either the long dwell or the short dwells resulted in increased UF volume and glucose absorption. The increase in UF was a function of patient transport type (bimodal range: 288 – 490 mL; short-dwell range: 323 – 350 mL), and the increase in CHO absorption was smaller with glucose added to short dwells than with bimodal solution (range: 18 – 30 g vs. 34 – 39 g). The 24-hour UF efficiency was higher when high glucose concentrations were used during short-dwell exchanges than when a bimodal PD solution was used for the long dwell (0.6 to 1.2 mL/g vs. –0.1 to 0.5 mL/g). By contrast, Na removal was lower with the short-dwell exchanges (28.3 – 30.7 mmol vs. 36.2 – 53.3 mmol), likely because of more pronounced Na sieving.ConclusionsOur modeling studies predict that generic bimodal PD solutions will provide higher Na removal but not higher 24-hour UF efficiency compared with current automated PD prescriptions using Extraneal for the long dwell and glucose-containing solutions for the short dwells. The modeling predictions from this study require clinical validation.

Multifunctional SnSe-C composite modified 3D scaffolds to regulate lithium nucleation and fast transport for dendrite-free lithium metal anode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiqing Zhang ◽  
Xiaojie Shen ◽  
Guangyu Zhao ◽  
Xianbo Yu ◽  
Huihuang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
Metal Anode ◽  
Lithium Metal Anode ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Lithium Dendrite ◽  
Storage Batteries ◽  
Growth Limits ◽  
High Energy Storage

Undesirable lithium dendrite growth limits the application of lithium metal anode in high-energy storage batteries. Here, multifunctional SnSe-C composite modified 3D scaffolds is constructed to achieve dendrite-free lithium deposition. During...

Influences on the Hydrophobicity of Concrete Surfaces Treated with Alkyl Trialkoxysilanes

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-412
Author(s):  
U. Antons ◽  
M. Raupach ◽  
O. Weichold
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Accelerated Carbonation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Hydrophobic Layer ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract The paper focuses on how alkaline media, UV radiation, and carbonation as well as on-going cement hydration affects hydrophobic treatments of concrete and influences the properties of these water-repellent layers. Single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance measurements show that layers formed by impregnating samples with alkyl trialkoxysilanes are stable even under long-term exposure to alkaline solution and UV radiation, with the damage of the latter being limited to the topmost surface layers. Microstructural changes during accelerated carbonation of blast furnace slag cement based concrete have a major impact on the hydrophobic layer properties, while the carbonation of Portland cement concrete has no influence. On-going hydration additionally influences the hydrophobic layer properties.

scholarly journals PVA-Based Mixed Matrix Membranes Comprising ZSM-5 for Cations Separation

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangmeng Sheng ◽  
Noor Ul Afsar ◽  
Yanran Zhu ◽  
Liang Ge ◽  
Tongwen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Dispersion Phase ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Cationic Exchange ◽  
Matrix Membranes

The traditional ion-exchange membranes face the trade-off effect between the ion flux and perm-selectivity, which limits their application for selective ion separation. Herein, we amalgamated various amounts of the ZSM-5 with the polyvinyl alcohol as ions transport pathways to improve the permeability of monovalent cations and exclusively reject the divalent cations. The highest contents of ZSM-5 in the mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) can be extended up to 60 wt% while the MMMs with optimized content (50 wt%) achieved high perm-selectivity of 34.4 and 3.7 for H+/Zn2+ and Li+/Mg2+ systems, respectively. The obtained results are high in comparison with the commercial CSO membrane. The presence of cationic exchange sites in the ZSM-5 initiated the fast transport of proton, while the microporous crystalline morphology restricted the active transport of larger hydrated cations from the solutions. Moreover, the participating sites and porosity of ZSM-5 granted continuous channels for ions electromigration in order to give high limiting current density to the MMMs. The SEM analysis further exhibited that using ZSM-5 as conventional fillers, gave a uniform and homogenous formation to the membranes. However, the optimized amount of fillers and the assortment of a proper dispersion phase are two critical aspects and must be considered to avoid defects and agglomeration of these enhancers during the formation of membranes.

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