Carbon clusters vaporized directly from graphite through laser vaporization

1993 ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Wakisaka ◽  
J. J. Gaumet ◽  
Yukio Shimizu ◽  
Yukio Tamori
Keyword(s):  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Carbon Clusters

The simplest process in the growth of carbon clusters: C2 formation from C1 following laser vaporization of graphite

1993 ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Wakisaka ◽  
Hideki Sato ◽  
J. J. Gaumet ◽  
Yukio Shimizu ◽  
Yukio Tamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Carbon Clusters

Two Types of Mass Abundance Distributions for Anionic Carbon Clusters Investigated by Laser Vaporization and Pulsed Molecular Beam Techniques

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Jin Zhai ◽  
Bing-Chen Liu ◽  
Ru-Fang Zhou ◽  
Guo-Quan Ni ◽  
Zhi-Zhan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Carbon Clusters

Polyynes and the formation of fullerenes

1993 ◽  
Vol 343 (1667) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Supersonic Nozzle ◽  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Carbon Clusters ◽  
Carbon Stars ◽  
Carbon Species ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Geodesic Dome ◽  
The Way

The synthesis and microwave study of linear cyanopolyynes, HC 5 N and HC 7 N, in the mid-1970s was followed by the unanticipated detection of these, and longer chains (HC 9 N and HC 11 N), in space. To gain insight into the way in which such species and carbon clusters in general might form, an experiment was devised in 1985 to simulate conditions in carbon stars, involving the laser vaporization of graphite in a supersonic nozzle and detection of the resulting carbon species by mass spectrometry. This initiative resulted in the serendipitious discovery of an entirely new allotrope of carbon, C 60 , named buckminsterfullerene after the inventor of the geodesic dome. Five to seven years later, C 60 and other members of what is now know as the fullerene family have been isolated in macroscopic amounts, however, these exciting developments have tended to overshadow fundamental problems associated with the aggregation of carbon atoms in which acetylenes, and polyynes in particular, may play a key role.

Reaction channels in a plasma reactor-laser vaporization source. Formation of carbon clusters and metal-carbon clusters

1992 ◽  
Vol 198 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.Y. Chert ◽  
B.C. Guo ◽  
B.D. May ◽  
S.F. Cartier ◽  
A.W. Castleman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Carbon Clusters ◽  
Reaction Channels ◽  
Metal Carbon Clusters

Reaction of small carbon clusters with hydrogen during laser vaporization of graphite

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 447-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Doverst�l ◽  
B. Lindgren ◽  
U. Sassenberg ◽  
H. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Carbon Clusters

Evidence for the Direct Ejection of Clusters from Non-Metallic Solids During Laser Vaporization

1990 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Bloomfield ◽  
Y. A. Yang ◽  
P. Xia ◽  
A. L. Junkin
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Halides ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Carbon Clusters ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Graphite Sheet ◽  
Mixed Alkali ◽  
Large Clusters

ABSTRACTWe have studied the formation of molecular scale particles or “clusters” of alkali halides and semiconductors during laser vaporization of solids. By measuring the abundances of cluster ions produced in several different source configurations, we have determined that clusters are ejected directly from the source sample and do not need to grow from atomic or molecular vapor. Using samples of mixed alkali halide powders, we have found that unalloyed clusters are easily produced in a source that prevents growth from occurring after the clusters leave the sample surface. However, melting the sample or encouraging growth after vaporization lead to the production of alloyed cluster species.The sizes of the ejected clusters are initially random, but the population spectrum quickly becomes structured as hot, unstable-sized clusters decay into smaller particles. In carbon, large clusters with odd numbers of atoms decay almost immediately. The hot even clusters also decay, but much more slowly. The longest lived clusters are the magic C50 and C60 fullerenes. The mass spectrum of large carbon clusters evolves in time from structureless, to only the even clusters, to primarily C50 and C60. If cluster growth is encouraged, the odd clusters reappear and the population spectrum again becomes relatively structureless.The laser vaporization process in non-metallic systems closely resembles multiphoton laser photodissociation of clusters themselves. As a result, the best cluster source samples are powders or powder-like materials. We have found that carbon powder or exfoliated graphite sheet (Union Carbide Grafoil) are the best samples for the production of large carbon clusters. Many previous studies of carbon clusters formed in vacuum may have relied on the vaporization of carbon dust produced by repeated vaporizations in a small region of the sample.

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