A new type of water insoluble surfactant: molecular aggregation of long chain phosphonium salts (Ph3P+–CH2CH2R,I–; R = alkyl or fluoroalkyl) in formamide

1984 ◽  
pp. 1233-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Escoula ◽  
N. Hajjaji ◽  
I. Rico ◽  
A. Lattes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Aggregation ◽  
Phosphonium Salts ◽  
Insoluble Surfactant ◽  
New Type ◽  
Long Chain

A new type of surface-active organotransition metal complex: (long-chain alkyl substituted benzene)(cyclopentadienyl) iron(1+) cationic complexes

1988 ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuyoshi Sakai ◽  
Hidetoshi Kozawa ◽  
Yuichiro Yoshinaga ◽  
Kuniuo Kosugi ◽  
Shinichi Fukuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complex ◽  
New Type ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Long Chain

Investigation of the Formation of Microbubbly Liquid Fuel

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Celik ◽  
Joseph Katz ◽  
David M. Van Wie
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Supersonic Combustion ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Thermal Pyrolysis ◽  
New Type ◽  
Supersonic Combustion Ramjet ◽  
Long Chain

There are several obstacles encountered during combustion in Supersonic Combustion Ramjet (SCRAMJET) engines such as mixing, ignition, and flame holding. In order to overcome these difficulties, a new type of fuel is generated with the use of combination of two methods namely an effervescent (barbotage) and thermal pyrolysis of the fuel. In the first step of the process, during effervescent method, small gas bubbles are introduced into liquid fuel to improve the spraying characteristics of the fuel. At the second stage, long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into short-chain hydrocarbons that burn faster. An experimental facility has been designed and developed to study the underlying physics in each process.

Two novel metal-independent long-chain alkyl alcohol dehydrogenases from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 2078-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqian Liu ◽  
Yanpeng Dong ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Aixiang Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Geobacillus Thermodenitrificans ◽  
Assay Condition ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenases ◽  
Adh Genes ◽  
New Type ◽  
Long Chain

Two alkyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes from the long-chain alkane-degrading strain Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 were characterized in vitro. ADH1 and ADH2 were prepared heterologously in Escherichia coli as a homooctameric and a homodimeric protein, respectively. Both ADHs can oxidize a broad range of alkyl alcohols up to at least C30, as well as 1,3-propanediol and acetaldehyde. ADH1 also oxidizes glycerol, and ADH2 oxidizes isopropyl alcohol, isoamylol, acetone, octanal and decanal. The best substrate is ethanol for ADH1 and 1-octanol for ADH2. For both ADHs, the optimum assay condition is at 60 °C and pH 8.0, and both NAD and NADP can be used as the cofactor. Sequence analysis reveals that ADH1 and ADH2 belong to the Fe-containing/activated long-chain ADHs. However, the two enzymes contain neither Fe nor other metals, and Fe is not required for the activity, suggesting a new type of ADH. The ADHs characterized here are potentially useful in crude oil bioremediation and other bioconversion processes.

Studies of the optically active compounds of anacardiaceae exudates. I. The long-chain Alicyclic Keto Alcohol of Tigaso oil

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Dalton ◽  
JA Lamberton
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Alkyl Ether ◽  
Acidic Properties ◽  
Yellow Solution ◽  
Major Reaction ◽  
New Type ◽  
Long Chain

Tigaso oil, which is obtained as an exudate from a tree of the Anacardiaceae family identified as Campnosperma sp. vel. aff. C. brevipetiolata Volk., has been found to contain an optically active compound. This is considered to be (+)-5-hydroxy-5-(nonadec- 10'-en-2'-onyl)cyclohex-2-enone (V), a new type of natural product. It is very closely related to the phenol, campnospermonol (I ; R=H) which is the major component of Tigaso oil, and is readily converted into a mixture of campnospermonol and campnospermonyl alkyl ether by heating in alcoholic hydrochloric acid. On pyrolysis, V yields resorcinol and methyl oleyl ketone almost quantitatively. ($)-3-Hydroxy-3-(nonadecan-2'-ony1)cyclohexanone (VI) obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of V is easily dehydrated to 3-(nonadecan-2'-onyl)cyclohex-2-enone (VII) which has acidic properties and gives a yellow solution in alkali. Heating VII in alkali gives stearic acid and 3-methylcyclohex-2-enone as the principal products. When the hydroxydiketone (VI) is heated the major reaction is dehydration to give VII, but pyrolysis also takes place, giving methyl stearyl ketone and dihydroresorcinol. 3-(Nonadecan-2'-ony1)cyclohexanone (VIII) is obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of VII and also by oxidation of the diol X, itself prepared from hydrocampnospermonol (II ; R =H) by high pressure hydrogenation. The structure originally assigned to campnospermonol by Jones has been established by the synthesis of hydrocampnospermonyl methyl ether, from 3-methoxyphenylacetyl chloride and diheptadecyl cadmium. The odour of Tigaso oil is partly due to a small amount of a volatile ketone C7H12O which consists mainly of 3-methylcyclohexanone ; probably a mixture of (+)- and (-)-isomers with the (-)-isomer preponderant.

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