Determination of the basicity of nitric acid in concentrated sulphuric acid by Raman and ultraviolet spectroscopy

1978 ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunziata C. Marziano ◽  
Pietro G. Traverso ◽  
Alberto De Santis ◽  
Marco Sampoli
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

MECHANISM OF GUANIDINE NITRATION: II. TETRAETHYLNITROGUANIDINE

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Kirkwood ◽  
George F Wright
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Irreversible Reaction

The preparation of sym-tetraethylnitroguanidine now shows that a ketimino group can be nitrated directly. The mode of nitration has been evaluated first by determination of the ionization of guanidine bisulphate (prepared anew) and tetraethylguanidine in nearly-anhydrous sulphuric acid by means of an improved cryoscope, and by comparison of these ionizations with those of substances the ionizing behavior of which may be reliably predicted. Subsequent studies show that the stronger base, sym-tetraethylguanidine, is nitrated more slowly than guanidine, both reactions being reversible. Detailed kinetic studies were not made because of the irreversible side-reaction yielding tetraethylurea. This irreversible reaction, which is suppressed by sodium bisulphate but not by nitric acid, is presumptive for the existence of an intermediate nitrotetraethylguanidinium salt out of which the tetraethylnitroguanidine or tetraethylurea may arise.

scholarly journals Determination of Methylene blue Number to Characterize the Lapsi Based Activated carbon Prepared by Chemical Carbonization

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Methylene Blue Number

 Determination of Methylene blue Number of the activated carbons prepared by Chemical Carbonization from waste material, seed stone of Lapsi has been studied. Methylene blue Number has been determined by single point method using batch adsorption method. Acids like concentrated sulphuric acid and a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated nitric acid have been used to prepare activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared by using a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated nitric acid has been found to have higher methylene blue number than the activated carbon prepared by using concentrated sulphuric acid. The activated carbons thus prepared can be used as effective adsorbents for the remediation of pollutants from water.

scholarly journals Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization of the Sulphur Dioxide Oxidation Process

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Zaker ◽  
Clémence Fauteux-Lefebvre ◽  
Jules Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Absorption Column ◽  
Maximum Reaction Rate ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Maximum Reaction

Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is one of the most produced chemicals in the world. The critical step of the sulphuric acid production is the oxidation of sulphur dioxide (SO2) to sulphur trioxide (SO3) which takes place in a multi catalytic bed reactor. In this study, a representative kinetic rate equation was rigorously selected to develop a mathematical model to perform the multi-objective optimization (MOO) of the reactor. The objectives of the MOO were the SO2 conversion, SO3 productivity, and catalyst weight, whereas the decisions variables were the inlet temperature and the length of each catalytic bed. MOO studies were performed for various design scenarios involving a variable number of catalytic beds and different reactor configurations. The MOO process was mainly comprised of two steps: (1) the determination of Pareto domain via the determination a large number of non-dominated solutions, and (2) the ranking of the Pareto-optimal solutions based on preferences of a decision maker. Results show that a reactor comprised of four catalytic beds with an intermediate absorption column provides higher SO2 conversion, marginally superior to four catalytic beds without an intermediate SO3 absorption column. Both scenarios are close to the ideal optimum, where the reactor temperature would be adjusted to always be at the maximum reaction rate. Results clearly highlight the compromise existing between conversion, productivity and catalyst weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document