Geometric background charge: dislocations on capillary bridges

William T. M. Irvine; Vincenzo Vitelli

doi:10.1039/c2sm26486b

W-ALGEBRA REALIZATIONS AND W-GRAVITY ANOMALIES

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s021773239100350x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 06 (32) ◽

pp. 2995-3003 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. M. HULL ◽

L. PALACIOS

Keyword(s):

Path Integral ◽

Current Algebra ◽

Gravity Anomalies ◽

Normal Ordering ◽

Path Integral Quantization ◽

Transformation Rules ◽

Higher Derivative ◽

Quantum Current ◽

Boson Model ◽

Background Charge

The coupling of scalars fields to chiral W3 gravity is reviewed. In general the quantum current algebra generated by the spin-two and three currents does not close when the "natural" regularization (corresponding to the normal ordering with respect to the modes of ∂ϕi) is used, and the non-closure reflects matter-dependent anomalies in the path integral quantization. We consider the most general modification of the current, involving higher derivative "background charge" terms, and find the conditions for them to form a closed algebra in the "natural" regularization. These conditions can be satisfied only for the two-boson model. In that case, it is possible to cancel all the matter-dependent anomalies by adding finite local counter terms to the action and modifying the transformation rules of the fields.

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Single-Electron Memories

VLSI Design ◽

10.1155/1998/83017 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (1-4) ◽

pp. 219-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christoph Wasshuber ◽

Hans Kosina ◽

Siegfried Selberherr

Keyword(s):

Power Consumption ◽

Room Temperature ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Memory Cell ◽

Single Electron ◽

Lower Power ◽

Memory Chip ◽

Single Electronics ◽

Background Charge ◽

Random Background

One of the most promising applications of single-electronics is a single-electron memory chip. Such a chip would have orders of magnitude lower power consumption compared to state-of-the-art dynamic memories, and would allow integration densities beyond the tera bit chip.We studied various single-electron memory designs. Additionally we are proposing a new memory cell which we call the T-memory cell. This cell can be manufactured with state-of-the-art lithography, it operates at room temperature and shows a strong resistance against random background charge.

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Formation of stable aggregates by fluid-assembled solid bridges

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5806 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Douglas Jerolmack ◽

Ali Seiphoori

Keyword(s):

Thermal Equilibrium ◽

Colloidal Suspension ◽

Wetting And Drying ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Capillary Bridges ◽

Industrial Materials ◽

Capillary Pressures ◽

Microfluidics Channel ◽

Particle Weight

<p>Earh's surface is covered with soil; particulate mixtures subject to cycles of wetting and drying. The role of this transient hydrodynamic forcing in creating and destroying aggregates is virtually unexplored. We examine this process at the grain scale. When a colloidal suspension is dried, capillary pressure may overwhelm repulsive electrostatic forces, assembling aggregates that are out of thermal equilibrium. This poorly understood process confers cohesive strength to many geological and industrial materials. Here we observe evaporation-driven aggregation of natural and synthesized particulates, and then probe their stability under rewetting using a microfluidics channel as a flume to determine the entrainment threshold. We also directly measure bonding strength of aggregates using an atomic force microscope. Cohesion arises at a common length scale (~5 microns), where interparticle attractive forces exceed particle weight. In polydisperse mixtures, smaller particles condense within shrinking capillary bridges to build stabilizing &#8220;solid bridges&#8221; among larger grains. This dynamic repeats across scales forming remarkably strong, hierarchical clusters, whose cohesion derives from grain size rather than mineralogy. Transient capillary pressures are even sufficiently large to sinter the smallest particles together. These results may help to understand the strength and erodibility of natural soils, and other polydisperse particulates that experience transient hydrodynamic forces.</p>

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Non-contact printing of optical waveguides using capillary bridges

Optics Express ◽

10.1364/oe.26.011934 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 11934 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pius M. Theiler ◽

Fabian Lütolf ◽

Rolando Ferrini

Keyword(s):

Optical Waveguides ◽

Contact Printing ◽

Capillary Bridges

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Background charge fluctuation in a GaAs quantum dot device

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.1777802 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 768-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

S. W. Jung ◽

T. Fujisawa ◽

Y. Hirayama ◽

Y. H. Jeong

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dot ◽

Charge Fluctuation ◽

Background Charge ◽

Gaas Quantum Dot

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Hardening of particle/oil/water suspensions due to capillary bridges: Experimental yield stress and theoretical interpretation

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science ◽

10.1016/j.cis.2017.11.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 251 ◽

pp. 80-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Krassimir D. Danov ◽

Mihail T. Georgiev ◽

Peter A. Kralchevsky ◽

Gergana M. Radulova ◽

Theodor D. Gurkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Stress ◽

Theoretical Interpretation ◽

Water Suspensions ◽

Capillary Bridges ◽

Experimental Yield ◽

Oil Water

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Humidity-Induced Cohesion Effects in Granular Media

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-627-bb7.1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 627 ◽

Author(s):

Nathalie Fraysse ◽

Luc Petit

Keyword(s):

Granular Medium ◽

Granular Media ◽

Global Scale ◽

Interparticle Forces ◽

Wetting Properties ◽

Small Glass ◽

Capillary Bridges ◽

Scale Properties ◽

Comparison Of The Results ◽

Maximal Stability

ABSTRACTExperiments were performed under accurately-controlled humidity conditions in order to quantify effects induced by humidity on granular materials. Measurements of the maximal stability angle of a pile made of small glass beads are reported as a function of the relative vapor pressure in the cell, up to close to saturation. The comparison of the results obtained with fluids differing in their molecular interactions with glass, namely water and heptane, shows that the wetting properties of the interstitial liquid on the grains have a strong influence on the cohesion of the non-saturated granular medium. This suggests that gravimetric experiments which could indirectly give information on the size of the capillary bridges that form between grains should be useful to understand the close connection that exists, through interparticle forces, between microscopic properties such as wetting properties and surface roughness of the grains, and global-scale properties of the pile, as its stability and flowability.

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