Apocarotenoids in the sexual interaction of Phycomyces blakesleeanus

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Polaino ◽  
Jose A. Gonzalez-Delgado ◽  
Pilar Arteaga ◽  
M. Mar Herrador ◽  
Alejandro F. Barrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus ◽  
Sexual Interaction

scholarly journals Intersexual Partial Diploids of Phycomyces

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-641
Author(s):  
Bina J Mehta ◽  
Enrique Cerdá-Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Sexual Stimulation ◽  
Nuclear Composition ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Sexual interaction between strains of opposite sex in many fungi of the order Mucorales modifies hyphal morphology and increases the carotene content. The progeny of crosses of Phycomyces blakesleeanus usually include a small proportion of anomalous segregants that show these signs of sexual stimulation without a partner. We have analyzed the genetic constitution of such segregants from crosses that involved a carF mutation for overaccumulation of β-carotene and other markers. The new strains were diploids or partial diploids heterozygous for the sex markers. Diploidy was unknown in this fungus and in the Zygomycetes. Random chromosome losses during the vegetative growth of the diploid led to heterokaryosis in the coenocytic mycelia and eventually to sectors of various tints and mating behavior. The changes in the nuclear composition of the mycelia could be followed by selecting for individual nuclei. The results impose a reinterpretation of the sexual cycle of Phycomyces. Some of the intersexual strains that carried the carF mutation contained 25 mg β-carotene per gram of dry mass and were sufficiently stable for practical use in carotene production.

scholarly journals Modification of Sexual Development and Carotene Production by Acetate and Other Small Carboxylic Acids in Blakeslea trispora and Phycomyces blakesleeanus

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 4917-4922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Kuzina ◽  
Enrique Cerdá-Olmedo
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Blakeslea Trispora ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Solid Substrates

ABSTRACT In Phycomyces blakesleeanus and Blakeslea trispora (order Mucorales, class Zygomycetes), sexual interaction on solid substrates leads to zygospore development and to increased carotene production (sexual carotenogenesis). Addition of small quantities of acetate, propionate, lactate, or leucine to mated cultures on minimal medium stimulated zygospore production and inhibited sexual carotenogenesis in both Phycomyces and Blakeslea. In Blakeslea, the threshold acetate concentration was <1 mmol/liter for both effects, and the concentrations that had one-half of the maximal effect were <2 mmol/liter for carotenogenesis and >7 mmol/liter for zygosporogenesis. The effects on Phycomyces were similar, but the concentrations of acetate had to be multiplied by ca. 3 to obtain the same results. Inhibition of sexual carotenogenesis by acetate occurred normally in Phycomyces mutants that cannot use acetate as a carbon source and in mutants whose dormant spores cannot be activated by acetate. Small carboxylic acids may be signals that, independent of their ability to trigger spore germination in Phycomyces, modify metabolism and development during the sexual cycle of Phycomyces and Blakeslea, uncoupling two processes that were thought to be linked and mediated by a common mechanism.

scholarly journals Helical growth during the phototropic response, avoidance response, and in stiff mutants of Phycomyces blakesleeanus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph K. E. Ortega ◽  
Revathi P. Mohan ◽  
Cindy M. Munoz ◽  
Shankar Lalitha Sridhar ◽  
Franck J. Vernerey
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Phototropic Response ◽  
Biophysical Models ◽  
Helical Growth ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus have been used as a model system to study sensory transduction, helical growth, and to establish global biophysical equations for expansive growth of walled cells. More recently, local statistical biophysical models of the cell wall are being constructed to better understand the molecular underpinnings of helical growth and its behavior during the many growth responses of the sporangiophores to sensory stimuli. Previous experimental and theoretical findings guide the development of these local models. Future development requires an investigation of explicit and implicit assumptions made in the prior research. Here, experiments are conducted to test three assumptions made in prior research, that (a) elongation rate, (b) rotation rate, and (c) helical growth steepness, R, of the sporangiophore remain constant during the phototropic response (bending toward unilateral light) and the avoidance response (bending away from solid barriers). The experimental results reveal that all three assumptions are incorrect for the phototropic response and probably incorrect for the avoidance response but the results are less conclusive. Generally, the experimental results indicate that the elongation and rotation rates increase during these responses, as does R, indicating that the helical growth steepness become flatter. The implications of these findings on prior research, the “fibril reorientation and slippage” hypothesis, global biophysical equations, and local statistical biophysical models are discussed.

scholarly journals “Progressive” Criminalization? A Sociological and Criminological Analysis Based on the German “No Means No” Provision

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-832
Author(s):  
Ralf Kölbel
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Criminological Analysis

AbstractThe “no means no” model has been applied in Germany since November 10, 2016. Its introduction has considerably extended the scope of criminalized forms of sexual interaction. This Article examines the criminal policy discourse that gave rise to it and the question of whether the new provisions have led to the changes in the practices of criminal prosecution proclaimed in advance. The results will be critically assessed. The new legislation relating to sexual offenses was also shaped on the initiative of groups perceiving themselves as emancipatory, and in the understanding of these groups, the “no means no” provision acts as “progressive” criminalization. Yet, aside from the fact that the associated expectations have hardly been met as of yet, this movement would have to resolve an essential question: Is penal law compatible with a “progressive” social policy they claim to stand for at all, and if so, what conditions does it have to meet?

Tangent algorithm for photogravitropic balance in plants and Phycomyces blakesleeanus: roles for EHB1 and NPH3 of Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
pp. 153396
Author(s):  
Michaela Dümmer ◽  
Sladjana Z. Spasić ◽  
Martin Feil ◽  
Christian Michalski ◽  
Christoph Forreiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus

Academic Harassment: Sex and Denial in Scholarly Garb

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise F. Fitzgerald ◽  
Lauren M. Weitzman ◽  
Yael Gold ◽  
Mimi Ormerod
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Sexual Involvement ◽  
Male Faculty

Although much has been written concerning the sexual harassment of university students, no research has yet directly examined the behaviors of university professors themselves. The present study describes the responses of 235 male faculty members of a prestigious, research-oriented university who responded to a survey inquiring about social and sexual interaction among faculty and students. Although the majority of the responses focused on mentoring and social interactions, a sizable minority (26%) reported sexual involvement with women students. In addition to item frequencies, a structural analysis of the phenomenon of academic harassment is presented, and discussed in the context of the subjects' responses to an open-ended invitation to comment on the study.

Excess carotenoids disturb prospective cell-to-cell recognition system in mating responses of Phycomyces blakesleeanus

Mycoscience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Ootaki ◽  
Yutaka Yamazaki ◽  
Toshiro Noshita ◽  
Shunya Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Recognition System ◽  
Cell Recognition ◽  
Phycomyces Blakesleeanus

Courtship displays and mounting calls are honest, condition-dependent signals that influence mounting success in Hermann's tortoises

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1306-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Galeotti ◽  
R Sacchi ◽  
M Fasola ◽  
D Pellitteri Rosa ◽  
M Marchesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Call Rate ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Courtship Intensity ◽  
Male Condition ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Courtship Signals ◽  
Male Morphology ◽  
Rate Frequency

Like other terrestrial tortoises, the courtship behaviour of Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789) is based on a multiple signalling system that involves visual, olfactory, tactile, and acoustic signals. In this study, we analysed relationships between male morphology, hematological profile, courtship intensity, vocalizations, and mounting success in Hermann's tortoises breeding in semi-natural enclosures to investigate the effects of male condition on signals exhibited during courtship and on their mounting success. Results showed that mounting success of Hermann's tortoise males was positively affected by the number of sexual interactions/h, number of bites given to the female during interactions, and by call rate and frequency-modulation range. Call rate, frequency-modulation range, and number of sexual interaction/h increased with hematocrit value, while number of bites given to females decreased with leukocyte concentration. In conclusion, courtship signals exhibited by Hermann's tortoise males, including vocalizations, reliably reveal different components of male condition, and females may use these multiple traits to choose high-quality partners. This is the first study documenting the condition-dependent nature of tortoise courting signals and their effect on male mounting success.

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