The impact of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity on natural products research

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon M. Cragg ◽  
Flora Katz ◽  
David J. Newman ◽  
Joshua Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Aligning ecological compensation policies with the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework to achieve real net gain in biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Simmonds ◽  
Amrei von Hase ◽  
Fabien Quétier ◽  
Susie Brownlie ◽  
Martine Maron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Corporate Policies ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
The United Nations

Increasingly, government and corporate policies on ecological compensation (e.g. offsetting) are requiring ‘net gain’ outcomes for biodiversity. This presents an opportunity to align development with the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework’s (GBF) ambition for overall biodiversity recovery. In this perspective, we describe three conditions that should be accounted for in establishing or revising net gain policies to align their outcomes with the Post-2020 GBF: namely, a requirement for residual losses from development to be compensated for by (1) absolute gains, which are (2) scaled to the achievement of explicit biodiversity targets, where (3) gains are ecologically feasible. We show that few current policies meet these conditions, and thus we demonstrate a major disconnect between existing biodiversity net gain approaches and the achievement of the Post-2020 GBF milestones and goals. We conclude by describing how this gap can be bridged through a novel ecological compensation framework.

scholarly journals Global Plant Extinction Risk Assessment Informs Novel Biodiversity Hotspots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Haevermans ◽  
Jessica Tressou ◽  
Joon Kwon ◽  
Roseli Pellens ◽  
Anne Dubéarnès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations

Curbing biodiversity loss and its impact on ecosystem services, resilience and Nature's Contributions to People is one of the main challenges of our generation (IPBES, 2019b, 2019a; Secretariat of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, 2020). A global baseline assessment of the threat status of all of biodiversity is crucial to monitor the progress of conservation policies worldwide (Mace & al., 2000; Secretariat of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, 2021) and target priority areas for conservation (Walker & al., 2021). However, the magnitude of the task seems insurmountable, as even listing the organisms already known to science is a challenge (Nic Lughadha & al., 2016; Borsch & al., 2020; Govaerts & al., 2021). A new approach is needed to overcome this stumbling block and scale-up the assessment of extinction risk. Here we show that analyses of natural history mega-datasets using artificial intelligence allows us to predict a baseline conservation status for all vascular plants and identify target areas for conservation corresponding to hotspots optimally capturing different aspects of biodiversity. We illustrate the strong potential of AI-based methods to reliably predict extinction risk on a global scale. Our approach not only retrieved recognized biodiversity hotspots but identified new areas that may guide future global conservation action (Myers & al., 2000; Brooks & al., 2006). To further work in this area and guide the targets of the post-2020 biodiversity framework (Díaz & al., 2020a; Secretariat of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, 2020; Mair & al., 2021), it will be necessary to accelerate the acquisition of fundamental data and allow inclusion of social and economic factors (Possingham & Wilson, 2005).

scholarly journals Application of CISG in Kuwait

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Bashayer al-Mukhaizeem
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
The World ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
International Sale Of Goods ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article examines the impact of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) (signed 11 April 1980, entered into force 1 January 1988) on Kuwait as a non-Contracting State. By examining the potential application of CISG to countries around the world, it becomes clear that the applicability of this Convention is inevitable. This article identifies and examines the cases where CISG can be applied, according to its rules, and the process by which CISG, as a foreign law, would be applied in Kuwait. As this article shows, this can be achieved through the autonomy of the parties, Kuwaiti conflict-of-laws rules, or through customary law. This article also examines the cases where CISG cannot be applied in Kuwait and the implications of Kuwaiti’s ratification of CISG.

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