Concentrations of organophosphate esters and brominated flame retardants in German indoor dust samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Brommer ◽  
Stuart Harrad ◽  
Nele Van den Eede ◽  
Adrian Covaci
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Organophosphate Esters

Levels, distribution and human exposure of new non-BDE brominated flame retardants in the indoor dust of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Qi ◽  
Wen-Long Li ◽  
Li-Yan Liu ◽  
Zi-Feng Zhang ◽  
Ning-Zheng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust

scholarly journals Brominated Flame Retardants in Children’s Room: Concentration, Composition, and Health Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6421
Author(s):  
Douha Bannan ◽  
Nadeem Ali ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
Mohamed A. Alfaleh ◽  
Waleed S. Alharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Household Dust ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Bde 209

Children spend most of their daily time indoors. Many of the items used indoors, such as furniture, electronics, textile, and children toys, are treated with chemicals to provide longevity and fulfil the safety standards. However, many chemicals added to these products are released into the environment during leaching out from the treated products. Many studies have reported brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in indoor environments; however, few have focused on environments specified for young children. In this study, paired air (PM10) and dust samples were collected from the rooms (n = 30) of Saudi children. These samples were analyzed for different congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and three important alternative flame retardants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) was the most important analyzed BFR in dust and PM10 samples with a median value of 3150 ng/g of dust and 75 pg/m3. This indicates the wider application of BDE 209 has implications for its occurrence, although its use has been regulated for specified uses since 2014. Among alternative BFRs, 2-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), and 1,2-Bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) were found with a median levels of 10, 15 and 8 ng/g of dust, respectively. However, alternative BFRs were present in <50% of the PM10 samples. The calculated long term and daily exposures via indoor dust and PM10 of Saudi children from their rooms were well below the respective reference dose (RfD) values. Nonetheless, the study highlights BDE 209 at higher levels than previously reported from household dust in Saudi Arabia. The study warrants further extensive research to estimate the different classes of chemical exposure to children from their rooms.

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