Proton ordering in cubic ice and hexagonal ice; a potential new ice phase—XIc

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (44) ◽  
pp. 19788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zamaan Raza ◽  
Dario Alfè ◽  
Christoph G. Salzmann ◽  
Jiří Klimeš ◽  
Angelos Michaelides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hexagonal Ice ◽  
Proton Ordering ◽  
Ice Phase

Calorimetric study of proton ordering in hexagonal ice catalyzed by hydrogen in fluoride

1982 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. ii
Author(s):  
Masakatsu Ueda ◽  
Takasuke Matsuo ◽  
Hiroshi Suga
Keyword(s):  
Calorimetric Study ◽  
Hexagonal Ice ◽  
Proton Ordering

Enhancement of Proton Ordering in the Hexagonal Ice in Contact with Polyethylene Glycol Crystal

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (42) ◽  
pp. 23910-23916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Nagoe ◽  
Hiroshi Kusukawa ◽  
Masaharu Oguni
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Hexagonal Ice ◽  
Proton Ordering

scholarly journals Relaxational Proton Ordering and Glassy Crystalline State in Hexagonal Ice

1972 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu HAIDA ◽  
Takasuke MATSUO ◽  
Hiroshi SUGA ◽  
Syûzô SEKI
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline State ◽  
Hexagonal Ice ◽  
Proton Ordering

Proton ordering in hexagonal ice

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Kirov
Keyword(s):  
Hexagonal Ice ◽  
Proton Ordering

Ice-Phase Precipitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 6.1-6.36 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gultepe ◽  
A. J. Heymsfield ◽  
P. R. Field ◽  
D. Axisa
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Microphysical Parameters ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Ice Phase

AbstractIce-phase precipitation occurs at Earth’s surface and may include various types of pristine crystals, rimed crystals, freezing droplets, secondary crystals, aggregates, graupel, hail, or combinations of any of these. Formation of ice-phase precipitation is directly related to environmental and cloud meteorological parameters that include available moisture, temperature, and three-dimensional wind speed and turbulence, as well as processes related to nucleation, cooling rate, and microphysics. Cloud microphysical parameters in the numerical models are resolved based on various processes such as nucleation, mixing, collision and coalescence, accretion, riming, secondary ice particle generation, turbulence, and cooling processes. These processes are usually parameterized based on assumed particle size distributions and ice crystal microphysical parameters such as mass, size, and number and mass density. Microphysical algorithms in the numerical models are developed based on their need for applications. Observations of ice-phase precipitation are performed using in situ and remote sensing platforms, including radars and satellite-based systems. Because of the low density of snow particles with small ice water content, their measurements and predictions at the surface can include large uncertainties. Wind and turbulence affecting collection efficiency of the sensors, calibration issues, and sensitivity of ground-based in situ observations of snow are important challenges to assessing the snow precipitation. This chapter’s goals are to provide an overview for accurately measuring and predicting ice-phase precipitation. The processes within and below cloud that affect falling snow, as well as the known sources of error that affect understanding and prediction of these processes, are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relative Importance of Scavenging, Oxidation, and Ice-Phase Processes in the Production and Wet Deposition of Sulfate

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2118-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlado Spiridonov ◽  
Mladjen Curic
Keyword(s):  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Sulfate Production ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Cloud Resolving Model ◽  
Cloud Scavenging ◽  
Nucleation Scavenging ◽  
Ice Phase

Abstract The relative importance of various processes to sulfate production and wet deposition is examined by using a cloud-resolving model coupled with a sulfate chemistry submodel. Results using different versions of the model are then compared and principal differences with respect to their dynamics, microphysics, and chemistry are carefully discussed. The results imply that the dominant microphysical and chemical conversions of sulfate in the 3D run are nucleation, scavenging, and oxidation. Due to the lower cloud water and rainwater pH, oxidation does not contribute as significantly to the sulfate mass in the 2D run as the 3D. Sensitivity tests have revealed that in-cloud scavenging in the 2D run for continental nonpolluted and continental polluted clouds accounted for 29.4% and 31.5% of the total sulfur deposited, respectively. The 3D run shows a lower percentage contribution to sulfur deposition for about 28.2% and 29.6%. In addition, subcloud scavenging for the 2D run contributed about 32.7% and 38.2%. In-cloud oxidation in the 2D run accounted for about 24.5% to 30.4% of the total sulfur mass deposited. Subcloud oxidation contributed from 21.0% to 20.6% of the total sulfur mass removed by wet deposition. In-cloud oxidation for the 3D run shows slightly lower percentage values when compared to those from the 2D run. The relative contribution of subcloud oxidation for continental nonpolluted and polluted clouds exceeds those values in the 2D run by approximately 7% and 10%, respectively. Ignoring the ice phase and considering those types of convective clouds in the 2D run may lead to a higher value of the total sulfur mass removed by the wet deposition of about 33.9% to 39.2% for the continental nonpolluted and 36.2% to 45.6% for the continental polluted distributions relative to the base runs.

Cubic and hexagonal ice formation in water-glycerol mixture (50% w / w)

1987 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vigier ◽  
G. Thollet ◽  
R. Vassoille
Keyword(s):  
Ice Formation ◽  
Hexagonal Ice ◽  
Water Glycerol
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