scholarly journals Measurement and analysis of traction force dynamics in response to vasoactive agonists

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Yang ◽  
Daniel H. Reich ◽  
Christopher S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Vasoactive Agonists

scholarly journals Force localization modes in dynamic epithelial colonies

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (23) ◽  
pp. 2835-2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik N. Schaumann ◽  
Michael F. Staddon ◽  
Margaret L. Gardel ◽  
Shiladitya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Cellular Motility ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Cell Behaviors ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Epithelial Tissues ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions

Collective cell behaviors, including tissue remodeling, morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis, rely on dynamics among cells, their neighbors, and the extracellular matrix. The lack of quantitative models precludes understanding of how cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions regulate tissue-scale force transmission to guide morphogenic processes. We integrate biophysical measurements on model epithelial tissues and computational modeling to explore how cell-level dynamics alter mechanical stress organization at multicellular scales. We show that traction stress distribution in epithelial colonies can vary widely for identical geometries. For colonies with peripheral localization of traction stresses, we recapitulate previously described mechanical behavior of cohesive tissues with a continuum model. By contrast, highly motile cells within colonies produce traction stresses that fluctuate in space and time. To predict the traction force dynamics, we introduce an active adherent vertex model (AAVM) for epithelial monolayers. AAVM predicts that increased cellular motility and reduced intercellular mechanical coupling localize traction stresses in the colony interior, in agreement with our experimental data. Furthermore, the model captures a wide spectrum of localized stress production modes that arise from individual cell activities including cell division, rotation, and polarized migration. This approach provides a robust quantitative framework to study how cell-scale dynamics influence force transmission in epithelial tissues.

scholarly journals Force localization modes in dynamic epithelial colonies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik N. Schaumann ◽  
Michael F. Staddon ◽  
Margaret L. Gardel ◽  
Shiladitya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Cellular Motility ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Cell Behaviors ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Epithelial Tissues

AbstractCollective cell behaviors, including tissue remodeling, morphogenesis and cancer metastasis rely on dynamics between cells, their neighbors and the extracellular matrix. The lack of quantitative models precludes understanding of how cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions regulate tissue-scale force transmission to guide morphogenic processes. We integrate biophysical measurements on model epithelial tissues and computational modelling to explore how cell-level dynamics alter mechanical stress organization at multicellular scales. We show that traction stress distribution in epithelial colonies can vary widely for identical geometries. For colonies with peripheral localization of traction stresses, we recapitulate previously described mechanical behavior of cohesive tissues with a continuum model. By contrast, highly motile cells within colonies produce traction stresses that fluctuate in space and time. To predict the traction force dynamics, we introduce an Active Adherent Vertex Model (AAVM) for epithelial monolayers. AAVM predicts that increased cellular motility and reduced intercellular mechanical coupling localize traction stresses in the colony interior, in agreement with our experimental data. Furthermore, the model captures a wide spectrum of localized stress production modes that arise from individual cell activities including cell division, rotation, and polarized migration. This approach provides a robust quantitative framework to study how cell-scale dynamics influence force transmission in epithelial tissues.

OPTICALLY TRACKING THE MOTION OF MICROBEADS TO STUDY PHYSICAL BEHAVIORS OF THE LIVING CELL IN RESPONSE TO TRANSIENT STRETCH OR COMPRESSION

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
LINHONG DENG ◽  
XUEMEI JIANG ◽  
CHENG CHEN ◽  
AIJING SONG ◽  
FENG LIN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mechanics ◽  
Living Cell ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Cell Stiffness ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Research Tools

Optical magnetic twisting cytometry and traction force microscopy are two advanced cell mechanics research tools that employ optical methods to track the motion of microbeads that are either bound to the surface or embedded in the substrate underneath the cell. The former measures rheological properties of the cell such as cell stiffness, and the latter measures cell traction force dynamics. Here we describe the principles of these two cell mechanics research tools and an example of using them to study physical behaviors of the living cell in response to transient stretch or compression. We demonstrate that, when subjected to a stretch–unstretch manipulation, both the stiffness and traction force of adherent cells promptly reduced, and then gradually recover up to the level prior to the stretch. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting results indicate that the actin cytoskeleton of the cells underwent a corresponding disruption and reassembly process almost in step with the changes of cell mechanics. Interestingly, when subjected to compression, the cells did not show such particular behaviors. Taken together, we conclude that adherent cells are very sensitive to the transient stretch but not transient compression, and the stretch-induced cell response is due to the dynamics of actin polymerization.

scholarly journals Contractile dynamics change before morphological cues during fluorescence illumination

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Knoll ◽  
W. W. Ahmed ◽  
T. A. Saif
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
Cell Contractility ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Force Relaxation ◽  
Morphological Cues ◽  
Contractile Forces ◽  
Cell Force

Abstract Illumination can have adverse effects on live cells. However, many experiments, e.g. traction force microscopy, rely on fluorescence microscopy. Current methods to assess undesired photo-induced cell changes rely on qualitative observation of changes in cell morphology. Here we utilize a quantitative technique to identify the effect of light on cell contractility prior to morphological changes. Fibroblasts were cultured on soft elastic hydrogels embedded with fluorescent beads. The adherent cells generated contractile forces that deform the substrate. Beads were used as fiducial markers to quantify the substrate deformation over time, which serves as a measure of cell force dynamics. We find that cells exposed to moderate fluorescence illumination (λ = 540–585 nm, I = 12.5 W/m2, duration = 60 s) exhibit rapid force relaxation. Strikingly, cells exhibit force relaxation after only 2 s of exposure, suggesting that photo-induced relaxation occurs nearly immediately. Evidence of photo-induced morphological changes were not observed for 15–30 min after illumination. Force relaxation and morphological changes were found to depend on wavelength and intensity of excitation light. This study demonstrates that changes in cell contractility reveal evidence of a photo-induced cell response long before any morphological cues.

scholarly journals Avoiding tensional equilibrium in cells migrating on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness-heterogeneity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Ebata ◽  
Satoru Kidoaki
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Cell Shaping ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Migration Of Cells

AbstractIntracellular stresses affect various cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation and movement, which are dynamically modulated in migrating cells through continuous cell-shaping and remodeling of the cytoskeletal architecture induced by spatiotemporal interactions with extracellular matrix stiffness. When cells migrate on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness-heterogeneity, which is a common situation in living tissues, what intracellular stress dynamics (ISD) emerge? In this study, to explore this issue, finite element method-based traction force microscopy was applied to cells migrating on microelastically patterned gels. Two model systems of microelastically patterned gels (stiff/soft stripe and stiff triangular patterns) were designed to characterize the effects of a spatial constraint on cell-shaping and of the presence of different types of cues to induce competing cellular taxis (usual and reverse durotaxis) on the ISD, respectively. As the main result, the prolonged fluctuation of traction stress on a whole-cell scale was markedly enhanced on single cell-size triangular stiff patterns compared with homogeneous gels. Such ISD enhancement was found to be derived from the interplay between the nomadic migration of cells to regions with different degrees of stiffness and domain shape-dependent traction force dynamics, which should be an essential factor for keeping cells far from tensional equilibrium.

scholarly journals Both contractile axial and lateral traction force dynamics drive amoeboid cell motility

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effie Bastounis ◽  
Ruedi Meili ◽  
Begoña Álvarez-González ◽  
Joshua Francois ◽  
Juan C. del Álamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Amoeboid Cell ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Extrinsic Cues ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Chemotaxing Dictyostelium discoideum cells adapt their morphology and migration speed in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Using Fourier traction force microscopy, we measured the spatiotemporal evolution of shape and traction stresses and constructed traction tension kymographs to analyze cell motility as a function of the dynamics of the cell’s mechanically active traction adhesions. We show that wild-type cells migrate in a step-wise fashion, mainly forming stationary traction adhesions along their anterior–posterior axes and exerting strong contractile axial forces. We demonstrate that lateral forces are also important for motility, especially for migration on highly adhesive substrates. Analysis of two mutant strains lacking distinct actin cross-linkers (mhcA− and abp120− cells) on normal and highly adhesive substrates supports a key role for lateral contractions in amoeboid cell motility, whereas the differences in their traction adhesion dynamics suggest that these two strains use distinct mechanisms to achieve migration. Finally, we provide evidence that the above patterns of migration may be conserved in mammalian amoeboid cells.

Traction force dynamics predict gap formation in activated endothelium

2016 ◽  
Vol 347 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik T. Valent ◽  
Geerten P. van Nieuw Amerongen ◽  
Victor W.M. van Hinsbergh ◽  
Peter L. Hordijk
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Force Dynamics
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