Continuous-flow homogeneous catalysis using the temperature-controlled solvent properties of supercritical carbon dioxide

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (36) ◽  
pp. 6669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Harwardt ◽  
Giancarlo Franciò ◽  
Walter Leitner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Homogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
Solvent Properties ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

scholarly journals Continuous-flow Heck synthesis of 4-methoxybiphenyl and methyl 4-methoxycinnamate in supercritical carbon dioxide expanded solvent solutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2886-2897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phei Li Lau ◽  
Ray W K Allen ◽  
Peter Styring
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methyl Acrylate ◽  
Heck Reaction ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Palladium Metal ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The palladium metal catalysed Heck reaction of 4-iodoanisole with styrene or methyl acrylate has been studied in a continuous plug flow reactor (PFR) using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as the solvent, with THF and methanol as modifiers. The catalyst was 2% palladium on silica and the base was diisopropylethylamine due to its solubility in the reaction solvent. No phosphine co-catalysts were used so the work-up procedure was simplified and the green credentials of the reaction were enhanced. The reactions were studied as a function of temperature, pressure and flow rate and in the case of the reaction with styrene compared against a standard, stirred autoclave reaction. Conversion was determined and, in the case of the reaction with styrene, the isomeric product distribution was monitored by GC. In the case of the reaction with methyl acrylate the reactor was scaled from a 1.0 mm to 3.9 mm internal diameter and the conversion and turnover frequency determined. The results show that the Heck reaction can be effectively performed in scCO2 under continuous flow conditions with a palladium metal, phosphine-free catalyst, but care must be taken when selecting the reaction temperature in order to ensure the appropriate isomer distribution is achieved. Higher reaction temperatures were found to enhance formation of the branched terminal alkene isomer as opposed to the linear trans-isomer.

ChemInform Abstract: Diaryl Ether Synthesis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Batch and Continuous Flow Modes.

ChemInform ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Kyun Lee ◽  
Matthew J. Fuchter ◽  
Rachel M. Williamson ◽  
Gary A. Leeke ◽  
Edward J. Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Diaryl Ether ◽  
Ether Synthesis ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

scholarly journals Retraction: Synthesis of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Micro‐ and Nanoparticles via a Continuous‐Flow Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Process

ChemSusChem ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3940-3940
Author(s):  
Michael J. Casciato ◽  
Galit Levitin ◽  
Dennis W. Hess ◽  
Martha A. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Immobilised photosensitisers for continuous flow reactions of singlet oxygen in supercritical carbon dioxide

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Han ◽  
Richard A. Bourne ◽  
Martyn Poliakoff ◽  
Michael W. George
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Supercritical Carbon
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