Controllable vesicular structure and reversal of a surfactant-encapsulated polyoxometalate complex

Soft Matter ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (20) ◽  
pp. 4047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yan ◽  
Bao Li ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Haolong Li ◽  
Lixin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Structure

scholarly journals The Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Structures in Maize Root Cells

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gordon Whaley ◽  
Hilton H. Mollenhauer ◽  
Joyce E. Kephart
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Vesicular Structure

Maize root tips were fixed in potassium permanganate, embedded in epoxy resin, sectioned to show silver interference color, and studied with the electron microscope. All the cells were seen to contain an endoplasmic reticulum and apparently independent Golgi structures. The endoplasmic reticulum is demonstrated as a membrane-bounded, vesicular structure comparable in many aspects to that of several types of animal cells. With the treatment used here the membranes appear smooth surfaced. The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the nuclear envelope and, by contact at least, with structures passing through the cell wall. The nuclear envelope is characterized by discontinuities, as previously reported for animal cells. The reticula of adjacent cells seem to be in contact at or through the plasmodesmata. Because of these contacts the endoplasmic reticulum of a given cell appears to be part of an intercellular system. The Golgi structures appear as stacks of platelet-vesicles which apparently may, under certain conditions, produce small vesicles around their edges. Their form changes markedly with development of the cell.

scholarly journals Self-Assembly of Temperature Sensitive Unilamellar Vesicles by a Blend of Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solution

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Dae Jang ◽  
Changwoo Do ◽  
Joona Bang ◽  
Young Soo Han ◽  
Tae-Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Vesicular Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Potential Applications

A self-assembled unilamellar vesicle, which can be used as a drug delivery system, was easily and simply fabricated using a blended system of Pluronic block copolymers. Controlling the hydrophilic mass fraction of block copolymers (by blending the block copolymer with a different hydrophilic mass fraction) and temperature (i.e., the hydrophobic interaction is controlled), a vesicular structure was formed. Small angle neutron scattering measurements showed that the vesicular structure had diameters of empty cores from 13.6 nm to 79.6 nm, and thicknesses of the bilayers from 2.2 nm to 8.7 nm when the hydrophobic interaction was changed. Therefore, considering that the temperature of the vesicle formation is controllable by the concentration of the blended block copolymers, it is possible for them to be applied in a wide range of potential applications, for example, as nanoreactors and nanovehicles.

scholarly journals Polycaprolactone-Based Mimetic Antimicrobial Peptide Copolymers Vesicles as an Effective Drug-Carrier for Cancer Therapy

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusheng Qian ◽  
Xinyu Zhou ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Chuncai Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Vesicular Structure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Carrier Systems

A novel series of amphiphilic mimicking antimicrobial peptide copolymers PCL16-b-Kn can assemble in water to form uniform vesicles. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the vesicular structure of the nanoparticles, and dynamic light scattering revealed their uniform size and narrow dispersion. Critical vesiculation concentrations were also tested, revealing that these vesicles can exist at low concentrations. Furthermore, in vitro and intracellular drug release of doxorubicin(DOX)-vesicles were conducted. These vesicles could encapsulate DOX and achieve efficient intracellular drug release. Overall, these copolymer vesicles exhibit potential application value as multifunctional drug-carrier systems with antibacterial capability in cancer therapy.

Specific lipid–protein interactions in a novel honeycomb lattice structure of bacteriorhodopsin

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Sato ◽  
Kazuki Takeda ◽  
Koji Tani ◽  
Tomoya Hino ◽  
Tetsuji Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Purple Membrane ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Vesicular Structure ◽  
Lipid Protein Interactions ◽  
Planar Membranes ◽  
Inside Out

In the purple membrane of Halobacterium salinarium, bacteriorhodopsin trimers are arranged in a hexagonal lattice. When purple membrane sheets are incubated at high temperature with neutral detergent, membrane vesicularization takes place, yielding inside-out vesicles with a diameter of 50 nm. The vesicular structure becomes unstable at low temperature, where successive fusion of the vesicles yields a crystal which is composed of stacked planar membranes. X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals that the bacteriorhodopsin trimers are arranged in a honeycomb lattice in each membrane layer and that neighbouring membranes orient in opposite directions. The native structure of the trimeric unit is preserved in the honeycomb lattice, irrespective of alterations in the in-plane orientation of the trimer. One phospholipid tightly bound to a crevice between monomers in the trimeric unit is suggested to act as a glue in the formation of the trimer.

scholarly journals V.—Some Observations on the Zoantharia Rugosa

1866 ◽  
Vol 3 (26) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustave Lindström
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vesicular Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Named Groups

Professor Steenstrup, some years ago, questioned the fact as to whether the Zoantharia tabulata and rugosa, included by him under the common name of “Cyathophylla,” might be considered as true polyps. MM. Edwards and Haime in framing those great subdivisions of their “Coralliaria,” remarked their striking dissimilarity from the other Actinozoa. Professor Agassiz, in his grand monograph on the Acalephæ of North America, considers these differences so important that henceforth all connection between the above-named groups and the Zoantharia aporosa and perforata will be impossible. But besides these peculiar characteristics of the Rugosa, such, for instance, as the compact imperforate structure of the calyx and septa (the septa originating from four primary ones), the absence of costæ, the strange septal fossæ in the bottom of the calyx, the processes resembling rootlets, the transverse floors or tabulæ in the interior, which often have a cellular or vesicular structure; there is another peculiarity as yet not much known.

scholarly journals CARBAMAZEPINE LOADED VESICULAR STRUCTURES FOR ENHANCED BRAIN TARGETING VIA INTRANASAL ROUTE: OPTIMIZATION, IN VITRO EVALUATION, AND IN VIVO STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 264-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
GHADA E. YASSIN ◽  
REHAM I. AMER ◽  
AHMED M. FAYEZ
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Vesicular Structure ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is used as a first line in the treatment of grand mal and partial seizures, but it suffers from many side effects on different systems of the body. The objective of the present study was optimization of CBZ vesicular structures using 23 multifactorial design for the most efficient targeting of CBZ to the brain via the intranasal route. Methods: The concentration of CBZ (10 and 20%), type of vesicles (niosomes and spanlastics) and speed of rotation (200 and 300 rpm) were considered as the independent variables XA, XB and XC respectively, while the dependent variables were particle size PS (Y1), polydispersity index PDI (Y2), zeta potential ZP (Y3) and entrapment efficiency EE (Y4). The study of the effect of different formulation variables was carried out using Design-Expert ® software. CBZ-loaded spanlastics and noisome were prepared by the ethanol injection method and thin film hydration method, respectively. The optimized formulation was subjected to viscosity measurement, in vitro drug release and physical stability studies. In vivo evaluations in rats for the optimized formulation in comparison to oral CBZ suspension was carried out using behavioral assessment by elevated plus maze test, determination of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ELISA estimation of TNFα. Results: The selected optimized formulation (F0) containing 20% CBZ and spanlastic vesicular structure showed PS, PDI, ZP, and the EE % of 350.09 nm, 0.830, 16.124mV and 82.777%, respectively. In vitro release study of F0 demonstrated the ability of the F0 to increase drug release in the range time from 10-60 min (p<0.05) when compared with CBZ suspension. The viscosity of F0 was nearly uniform (65 cps). The photomicrograph taken by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the spherical shape of F0. Good physical stability for six months of storage at 25˚ C was found for F0. The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 showed a decrease in latency time in behavior assessment test using elevated plus Maze test, a decrease in serum eNOS and TNF-α and increase in GSH when compared with the oral CBZ suspension, in addition to the histopathological study that revealed the more CBZ uptake by the brain. Conclusion: The optimized spanlastic formulation F0 achieved better results when compared with the oral CBZ suspension for targeting the CBZ spanlastics vesicular structure to the brain via the nasal route.

IV.—Notes on Some Hornblende-Bearing Rocks from Inchnadampf

1886 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. H. Teall
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Vesicular Structure ◽  
Northern Highlands

In the present communication I propose to describe the petrographical characters of some hornblende-bearing rocks which occur as intrusive sheets and bosses in the limestones and quartzites of the Assynt district. These rocks have been referred to under various names by the different writers on the geology of the district. Prof. Nicol speaks of them as greenstone and trap, and Sir R. Murchison, as syenitic greenstone. Mr. Hudleston indicates their character more definitely by speaking of them as a “kind of diorite.” Prof. Bonney, in an appendix to Dr. Callaway's paper “On the Newer Gneissic Eocks of the Northern Highlands,” describes the microscopic structure of a specimen from the Traligill Burn near Inchnadampf, and designates the rock a hornblendic porphyrite. Dr. Hoddle gives some valuable information as to the distribution of the rocks, and calls attention to the perfection of form exhibited by the hornblende in certain varieties. He gives a figure of the hornblende which shows the forms (110), (010) and (011). With regard to the relations of the rocks to the associated strata he speaks somewhat doubtfully, but evidently inclines to the view that they are intrusive. That this is the case seems proved by the absence of vesicular structure and associated tuffs, and by the fact that although they keep as a rule parallel with the bedding, cases occasionally occur in which they can be seen to move from one horizon to another.

Analysis of the vesicular structure of basalts

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shin ◽  
W.B. Lindquist ◽  
D.L. Sahagian ◽  
S.-R. Song
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Structure
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