Unraveling the potential of intrinsically disordered proteins as drug targets: application to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Anurag ◽  
Debasis Dash
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered

scholarly journals Intrinsically Disordered Proteins as Regulators of Transient Biological Processes and as Untapped Drug Targets

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2118
Author(s):  
Yusuke Hosoya ◽  
Junko Ohkanda
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Phase Separations ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Liquid Phase Separations

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are critical players in the dynamic control of diverse cellular processes, and provide potential new drug targets because their dysregulation is closely related to many diseases. This review focuses on several medicinal studies that have identified low-molecular-weight inhibitors of IDPs. In addition, clinically relevant liquid–liquid phase separations—which critically involve both intermolecular interactions between IDPs and their posttranslational modification—are analyzed to understand the potential of IDPs as new drug targets.

scholarly journals Towards Targeting the Disordered SARS-CoV-2 Nsp2 C-terminal Region: Partial Structure and Dampened Mobility Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Mompeán ◽  
Miguel Á. Treviño ◽  
Douglas V. Laurents
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Human Proteins

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play essential roles in regulating physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. Many virus use their own IDPs to “hack” these processes to disactive host defenses and promote viral growth. Thus, viral IDPs are attractive drug targets. While IDPs are hard to study by X-ray crystallography or cryo-EM, atomic level information on their conformational perferences and dynamics can be obtained using NMR spectroscopy. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp2 interacts with human proteins that regulate translation initiation and endosome vesicle sorting, and the C-terminal region of this protein is predicted to be disordered. Molecules that block these interactions could be valuable leads for drug development. To enable inhibitor screening and to uncover conformational preferences and dynamics, we have expressed and purified the 13C,15N-labeled C-terminal region of Nsp2. The 13Cβ and backbone 13CO, 1HN, 13Cα and 15N nuclei were assigned by analysis of a series of 2D 1H-15N HSQC and 13C-15N CON as well as 3D HNCO, HNCA, CBCAcoNH and HncocaNH spectra. Overall, the chemical shift data confirm that this region is chiefly disordered, but contains two five-residue segments that adopt a small population of β-strand structure. Whereas the region is flexible on ms/ms timescales as gauged by T1ρ measurements, the {1H}-15N NOEs reveal a flexibility on ns/ps timescales that is midway between a fully flexible and a completely rigid chain.

scholarly journals PGRS Domain of Rv0297 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Functions in A Calcium Dependent Manner

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9390
Author(s):  
Tarina Sharma ◽  
Jasdeep Singh ◽  
Sonam Grover ◽  
Manjunath P. ◽  
Firdos Firdos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the pathogen causing tuberculosis, is a major threat to human health worldwide. Nearly 10% of M.tb genome encodes for a unique family of PE/PPE/PGRS proteins present exclusively in the genus Mycobacterium. The functions of most of these proteins are yet unexplored. The PGRS domains of these proteins have been hypothesized to consist of Ca2+ binding motifs that help these intrinsically disordered proteins to modulate the host cellular responses. Ca2+ is an important secondary messenger that is involved in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in diverse ways. This study presents the calcium-dependent function of the PGRS domain of Rv0297 (PE_PGRS5) in M.tb virulence and pathogenesis. Tandem repeat search revealed the presence of repetitive Ca2+ binding motifs in the PGRS domain of the Rv0297 protein (Rv0297PGRS). Molecular Dynamics simulations and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed Ca2+ dependent stabilization of the Rv0297PGRS protein. Calcium stabilized Rv0297PGRS enhances the interaction of Rv0297PGRS with surface localized Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) of macrophages. The Ca2+ stabilized binding of Rv0297PGRS with the surface receptor of macrophages enhances its downstream consequences in terms of Nitric Oxide (NO) production and cytokine release. Thus, this study points to hitherto unidentified roles of calcium-modulated PE_PGRS proteins in the virulence of M.tb. Understanding the pathogenic potential of Ca2+ dependent PE_PGRS proteins can aid in targeting these proteins for therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Interventions of Cancers Using Intrinsically Disordered Proteins as Drug Targets: c-Myc as Model System

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 117693511769940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Nitin Sharma ◽  
Rajanish Giri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Intrinsic Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The concept of protein intrinsic disorder has taken the driving seat to understand regulatory proteins in general. Reports suggest that in mammals nearly 75% of signalling proteins contain long disordered regions with greater than 30 amino acid residues. Therefore, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have been implicated in several human diseases and should be considered as potential novel drug targets. Moreover, intrinsic disorder provides a huge multifunctional capability to hub proteins such as c-Myc and p53. c-Myc is the hot spot for understanding and developing therapeutics against cancers and cancer stem cells. Our past understanding is mainly based on in vitro and in vivo experiments conducted using c-Myc as whole protein. Using the reductionist approach, c-Myc oncoprotein has been divided into structured and disordered domains. A wealth of data is available dealing with the structured perspectives of c-Myc, but understanding c-Myc in terms of disordered domains has just begun. Disorderness provides enormous flexibility to proteins in general for binding to numerous partners. Here, we have reviewed the current progress on understanding c-Myc using the emerging concept of IDPs.

scholarly journals Prediction of MoRFs in Protein Sequences with MLPs Based on Sequence Properties and Evolution Information

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao He ◽  
Jiaxiang Zhao ◽  
Guiling Sun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Evolutionary Information ◽  
Sliding Windows ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Mlp Neural Networks

Molecular recognition features (MoRFs) are one important type of intrinsically disordered proteins functional regions that can undergo a disorder-to-order transition through binding to their interaction partners. Prediction of MoRFs is crucial, as the functions of MoRFs are associated with many diseases and can therefore become the potential drug targets. In this paper, a method of predicting MoRFs is developed based on the sequence properties and evolutionary information. To this end, we design two distinct multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural networks and present a procedure to train them. We develop a preprocessing process which exploits different sizes of sliding windows to capture various properties related to MoRFs. We then use the Bayes rule together with the outputs of two trained MLP neural networks to predict MoRFs. In comparison to several state-of-the-art methods, the simulation results show that our method is competitive.

scholarly journals Partial structure, dampened mobility, and modest impact of a His tag in the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp2 C-terminal region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Mompeán ◽  
Miguel Á. Treviño ◽  
Douglas V. Laurents
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
His Tag ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
A Minor

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play essential roles in regulating physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. Many viruses use their own IDPs to “hack” these processes to deactivate host defenses and promote viral growth. Thus, viral IDPs are attractive drug targets. While IDPs are hard to study by X-ray crystallography or cryo-EM, atomic level information on their conformational preferences and dynamics can be obtained using NMR spectroscopy. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp2, whose C-terminal region (CtR) is predicted to be disordered, interacts with human proteins that regulate translation initiation and endosome vesicle sorting. Molecules that block these interactions could be valuable leads for drug development. The 13Cβ and backbone 13CO, 1HN, 13Cα, and 15N nuclei of Nsp2’s 45-residue CtR were assigned and used to characterize its structure and dynamics in three contexts; namely: (1) retaining an N-terminal His tag, (2) without the His tag and with an adventitious internal cleavage, and (3) lacking both the His tag and the internal cleavage. Two five-residue segments adopting a minor extended population were identified. Overall, the dynamic behavior is midway between a completely rigid and a fully flexible chain. Whereas the presence of an N-terminal His tag and internal cleavage stiffen and loosen, respectively, neighboring residues, they do not affect the tendency of two regions to populate extended conformations.

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