New insights into the relationship between internal phase level of emulsion templates and gas–liquid permeability of interconnected macroporous polymers

Soft Matter ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 4780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu San Manley ◽  
Nadine Graeber ◽  
Zdenek Grof ◽  
Angelika Menner ◽  
Geoffrey F. Hewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Permeability ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Macroporous Polymers

Modified chitosan emulsifiers: small compositional changes produce vastly different high internal phase emulsion types

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (20) ◽  
pp. 4118-4122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernice H. L. Oh ◽  
Alexander Bismarck ◽  
Mary B. Chan-Park
Keyword(s):  
High Internal Phase Emulsion ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Macroporous Polymers

By varying the oligolysine units of chitosan-graft-oligoNIPAM-graft-oligolysine, high internal phase emulsions of different droplet sizes can be stabilized which can subsequently serve as template for macroporous polymers.

High-Porosity Macroporous Polymers Sythesized from Titania-Particle-Stabilized Medium and High Internal Phase Emulsions

Langmuir ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 8836-8841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian O. Ikem ◽  
Angelika Menner ◽  
Alexander Bismarck
Keyword(s):  
High Porosity ◽  
Titania Particle ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Macroporous Polymers

Circadian sleep-wake cycle organization in squirrel monkeys

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (3) ◽  
pp. R353-R362 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Wexler ◽  
M. C. Moore-Ede
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Constant Illumination ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the relationship between circadian rhythms of body temperature and sleep-wake stages, four squirrel monkeys were prepared for unrestrained monitoring of temperature, locomotor activity, electroencephalogram, electroculogram, and electromyogram. Continuous records for each animal were made for several 12-h light-dark (LD) cycles and then after a few days in constant illumination (LL). All animals maintained consolidated sleep-wake cycles and had a longer circadian period (mean 24.7 h) in LL than in LD (mean 24.1 h). The increased period reflected greater time per circadian cycle spent awake in LL (mean 14.0 h) than in LD (mean 12.8 h). Total night NREM sleep was less in LL (mean 6.5 h) than in LD (mean 8.2 h). Sleep onset occurred at later phases in LL (187 +/- 6 degrees) than in LD (170 +/- 2 degrees). Because the circadian phase measure of NREM sleep was unchanged between LD and LL conditions, the difference in sleep onsets reflected balanced changes in NREM circadian waveforms. Wake-up phases were the same in both conditions (mean 342 degrees). In summary, during free run squirrel monkeys maintain a stable consolidated circadian sleep-wake cycle with a period greater than 24 h, but they exhibit only minimal internal phase restructuring.

Preparation of Macroporous Polymers from Microcapsule-Stabilized Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsions

Langmuir ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (29) ◽  
pp. 9504-9512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanying Zhu ◽  
Maolin Zhang ◽  
Shengmiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Phase ◽  
Macroporous Polymers

Peak of circadian melatonin rhythm occurs later within the sleep of older subjects

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. E297-E303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne F. Duffy ◽  
Jamie M. Zeitzer ◽  
David W. Rimmer ◽  
Elizabeth B. Klerman ◽  
Derk-Jan Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Relative Timing ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Melatonin Rhythm ◽  
Plasma Melatonin ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between sleep timing and the timing of the circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin secretion in a group of healthy young and older subjects without sleep complaints. The timing of sleep and the phase of the circadian melatonin rhythm were earlier in the older subjects. The relationship between the plasma melatonin rhythm and the timing of sleep was such that the older subjects were sleeping and waking earlier relative to their nightly melatonin secretory episode. Consequently, the older subjects were waking at a time when they had higher relative melatonin levels, in contrast with younger subjects, whose melatonin levels were relatively lower by wake time. Our findings indicate that aging is associated not only with an advance of sleep timing and the timing of circadian rhythms but also with a change in the internal phase relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and the output of the circadian pacemaker. In healthy older subjects, the relative timing of the melatonin rhythm with respect to sleep may not play a causal role in sleep disruption.

Macroporous Polymers with Aligned Microporous Walls from Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsions

Langmuir ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (24) ◽  
pp. 6083-6088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Ranran Zhang ◽  
Shengmiao Zhang ◽  
Yeqian Chu ◽  
Jianding Chen
Keyword(s):  
Internal Phase ◽  
Macroporous Polymers

scholarly journals Highly Permeable Macroporous Polymers Synthesized from Pickering Medium and High Internal Phase Emulsion Templates

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (32) ◽  
pp. 3588-3592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian O. Ikem ◽  
Angelika Menner ◽  
Tommy S. Horozov ◽  
Alexander Bismarck
Keyword(s):  
High Internal Phase Emulsion ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Macroporous Polymers

Non-aqueous high internal phase emulsion templates for synthesis of macroporous polymers in situ filled with cyclic carbonate electrolytes

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (22) ◽  
pp. 11512-11519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Kot ◽  
Natasha Shirshova ◽  
Alexander Bismarck ◽  
Joachim H. G. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Carbonate ◽  
High Internal Phase Emulsion ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Macroporous Polymers

Interconnected Macroporous Polymers Synthesized from Silica Particle Stabilized High Internal Phase Emulsions

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (19) ◽  
pp. 6847-6855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianhua Zheng ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Qiangguo Du
Keyword(s):  
Silica Particle ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Macroporous Polymers

scholarly journals Pickering emulsion-templated polymers: insights into the relationship between surfactant and interconnecting pores

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 18909-18916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiao Zhu ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Ce Zhou ◽  
Shengmiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pickering Emulsion ◽  
Porous Polymers ◽  
Polymer Particles ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
The Relationship

Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by micron-size polymer particles were developed, and the relationship between surfactant and interconnecting pores of these HIPE-templated porous polymers was experimentally clarified.

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