A new PCR-based bioassay strategy for the detection of type A trichothecenes in food

The Analyst ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Bowens ◽  
Katerina Lancova ◽  
Ramiro Dip ◽  
Vitalija Povilaityte ◽  
Jörg Stroka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes

Type A-trichothecenes — Quantitative analysis using LC-MS and occurrence in Austrian maize and oats

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fuchs ◽  
B. Rabus ◽  
J. Handl ◽  
E. -M. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes

scholarly journals Type A Trichothecene Diacetoxyscirpenol-Induced Emesis Corresponds to Secretion of Peptide YY and Serotonin in Mink

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Qinghua Wu ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Wenda Wu
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Type A ◽  
European Food Safety Authority ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Type B ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes

The trichothecene mycotoxins contaminate cereal grains and have been related to alimentary toxicosis resulted in emetic response. This family of mycotoxins comprises type A to D groups of toxic sesquiterpene chemicals. Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), one of the most toxic type A trichothecenes, is considered to be a potential risk for human and animal health by the European Food Safety Authority. Other type A trichothecenes, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, as well as type B trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON), have been previously demonstrated to induce emetic response in the mink, and this response has been associated with the plasma elevation of neurotransmitters peptide YY (PYY) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). However, it is found that not all the type A and type B trichothecenes have the capacity to induce PYY and 5-HT. It is necessary to identify the roles of these two emetogenic mediators on DAS-induced emesis. The goal of this study was to determine the emetic effect of DAS and relate this effect to PYY and 5-HT, using a mink bioassay. Briefly, minks were fasted one day before experiment and given DAS by intraperitoneally and orally dosing on the experiment day. Then, emetic episodes were calculated and blood collection was employed for PYY and 5-HT test. DAS elicited robust emetic responses that corresponded to upraised PYY and 5-HT. Blocking the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R) diminished emesis induction by PYY and DAS. The serotonin 3 receptor (5-HT3R) inhibitor granisetron totally restrained the induction of emesis by serotonin and DAS. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PYY and 5-HT have critical roles in DAS-induced emetic response.

scholarly journals The toxigenic potential of Fusarium poae originated from wheat

2007 ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Tamara Kovacevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Type A ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Ear Blight ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Eleven isolates of F. poae, originated from wheat grain at 9 locations mainly in Vojvodina, were encompassed by the present study. The greatest number of samples was collected in 2005, in which the climatic conditions favoured a more intensive occurrence of Fusarium ear blight of wheat. In order to determine toxicological potential of this species, cultures of the selected isolates were grown in liquid media (GPY and SPY) on a rotary shaker (180 revolutions min-1), at room temperature (21-26?C) for three days. Crude toxins were isolated from liquid culture filtrates of isolates by the use of ethyl acetate, while quantification of mycotoxins was done by the thin layer chromatography method. A liquid culture of the isolate GZ-LES (F. graminearum) was used as a control for the evaluation of the zearalenone biosynthesis potential. On the other hand, the liquid culture of the isolate KF-38/1 (F. sporotrichioides) was used as a control for both type-A trichothecenes (T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol - DAS). The obtained results show that F. poae, in contrast to F. graminearum, has no potential for the zearalenone biosynthesis. The presence of DAS was determined only in one isolate of F. poae (MRIZP-666), and in the control isolate of F. sporotrichioides (KF-38/1/R), that were grown in the GPY liquid medium. The T-2 toxin was detected in the isolate MRIZP-666, grown in both media, and in the isolates MRIZP-37 and MRIZP-860, cultured in the GPY and SPY liquid medium, respectively. The control culture KF-38/1/R (F. sporotrichioides) produced the T-2 toxin at the concentration of 4,000 ?g L-1. According to the gained information, it can be concluded that the potential of F. poae for the type-A trichothecene biosynthesis was low, as the concentration of DAS or T-2 toxin did not exceed 80 ?g L-1 or 240 ?g L-1, respectively.

Intestinal toxicity of the new type A trichothecenes, NX and 3ANX

Chemosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 132415
Author(s):  
Alix Pierron ◽  
Manon Neves ◽  
Sylvie Puel ◽  
Yannick Lippi ◽  
Laura Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Intestinal Toxicity ◽  
New Type ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes

Draft genome sequence and chemical profiling of Fusarium langsethiae, an emerging producer of type A trichothecenes

2016 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lysøe ◽  
Rasmus J.N. Frandsen ◽  
Hege H. Divon ◽  
Valeria Terzi ◽  
Luigi Orrù ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Type A ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Fusarium Langsethiae ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes

Occurrence of type A trichothecenes in conventionally and organically produced oats and oat products

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1547-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Gottschalk ◽  
Jörg Barthel ◽  
Gabriele Engelhardt ◽  
Johann Bauer ◽  
Karsten Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes

scholarly journals Agronomic Factors Influencing the Scale of Fusarium Mycotoxin Contamination of Oats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Oluwatobi Kolawole ◽  
Karl De Ruyck ◽  
Brett Greer ◽  
Julie Meneely ◽  
Fiona Doohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Type A ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
European Regulatory ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes ◽  
Organic Farming System

Seven agronomic factors (crop season, farming system, harvest date, moisture, county, oat variety, and previous crop) were recorded for 202 oat crops grown across Ireland, and samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS for four major Fusarium mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin. Type A trichothecenes were present in 62% of crops, with 7.4% exceeding European regulatory limits. DON (6.4%) and ZEN (9.9%) occurrences were relatively infrequent, though one and three samples were measured over their set limits, respectively. Overall, the type of farming system and the previous crop were the main factors identified as significantly influencing mycotoxin prevalence or concentration. Particularly, the adherence to an organic farming system and growing oats after a previous crop of grass were found to decrease contamination by type A trichothecenes. These are important findings and may provide valuable insights for many other types of cereal crops as Europe moves towards a much greater organic-based food system.

scholarly journals Optimization of laboratory conditions for biosynthesis of type A trichothecenes

2007 ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic ◽  
Vesna Jacevic ◽  
Radmila Resanovic ◽  
Milorad Bijelic
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Definition Of

Type A trichothecenes, T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol - DAS, belong to one of the most toxic groups of fusariotoxins. Although larger quantities of them can be found more often in cooler parts of Europe, regarding their metabolic characteristics and the types of illnesses they provoke, it is obvious that even smaller quantities of these toxins can cause serious health disturbances of humans and animals in climatic conditions of Serbia. Having in mind the importance of these substances, the aim of this study was to carry out the optimization of laboratory conditions under which screening of Fusarium spp. isolates from Serbia, regarding T-2 toxin and DAS production, should be done. Four cultures of Fusarium sporotrichioides originating from different regions throughout the world, were under present investigation: ITM-391 (Italy), KF-38/1 (Poland), M-1-1 (Japan) and R-2301 (Germany). According to the previous literature data, all of these isolates were T-2 toxin producers, and some of them were also DAS producers. The influence of medium composition (different C and N atoms sources microelements etc), as well as aeration (in liquid media), on biosynthesis process of these mycotoxins, in vitro conditions was investigated. In the case of most Fusarium sporotrichioides isolates, highest yields of T-2 toxin and DAS were achieved under the conditions of more intense aeration, and with the use of glucose (5 or 20%) as a C atom source. Fermentation in semi-synthetic liquid medium, using a rotary shaker, was more suitable for screening the toxicity of the fungal isolates in pure culture because of shorter period of incubation, more simpler sample preparation, obtaining less interfering materials in crude toxin extracts, and possibility for more precise definition of factors influencing the yield of trichothecenes.

scholarly journals Fusarium Phytotoxin Trichothecenes Have an Elicitor-Like Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the Activity Differed Significantly Among Their Molecular Species

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Nishiuchi ◽  
Daisuke Masuda ◽  
Hideo Nakashita ◽  
Kazuya Ichimura ◽  
Kazuo Shinozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Type A ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Type B ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Type A Trichothecenes

Phytopathogenic fungi such as Fusarium spp. synthesize trichothecene family phytotoxins. Although the type B trichothecene, deoxynivalenol (DON), is thought to be a virulence factor allowing infection of plants by their trichothecene-producing Fusarium spp., little is known about effects of trichothecenes on the defense response in host plants. Therefore, in this article, we investigated these effects of various trichothecenes in Fusarium-susceptible Arabidopsis thaliana. Necrotic lesions were observed in Arabidopsis leaves infiltrated by 1 μM type A trichothecenes such as T-2 toxin. Trichothecene-induced lesions exhibited dead cells, callose deposition, generation of hydrogen peroxide, and accumulation of salicylic acids. Moreover, infiltration by trichothecenes caused rapid and prolonged activation of two mitogen-activated protein kinases and induced expression of both PR-1 and PDF1.2 genes. Thus, type A trichothecenes trigger the cell death by activation of an elicitor-like signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Although DON did not have such an activity even at 10 μM, translational inhibition by DON was observed at concentrations above 5 μM. These results suggested that DON is capable of inhibiting translation in Arabidopsis cells without induction of the elicitor-like signaling pathway.

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