Chemistry and materials options of sustainable carbon materials made by hydrothermal carbonization

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Magdalena Titirici ◽  
Markus Antonietti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization

scholarly journals Porous Carbon Materials Obtained by the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Orange Juice

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Veltri ◽  
Francesca Alessandro ◽  
Andrea Scarcello ◽  
Amerigo Beneduci ◽  
Melvin Arias Polanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Carbon Materials

Porous carbon materials are currently subjected to strong research efforts mainly due to their excellent performances in energy storage devices. A sustainable process to obtain them is hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), in which the decomposition of biomass precursors generates solid products called hydrochars, together with liquid and gaseous products. Hydrochars have a high C content and are rich with oxygen-containing functional groups, which is important for subsequent activation. Orange pomace and orange peels are considered wastes and then have been investigated as possible feedstocks for hydrochars production. On the contrary, orange juice was treated by HTC only to obtain carbon quantum dots. In the present study, pure orange juice was hydrothermally carbonized and the resulting hydrochar was filtered and washed, and graphitized/activated by KOH in nitrogen atmosphere at 800 °C. The resulting material was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen sorption isotherms. We found porous microspheres with some degree of graphitization and high nitrogen content, a specific surface of 1725 m2/g, and a pore size distribution that make them good candidates for supercapacitor electrodes.

Engineering Carbon Materials from the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process of Biomass

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hu ◽  
Kan Wang ◽  
Liheng Wu ◽  
Shu-Hong Yu ◽  
Markus Antonietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Carbonization Process

scholarly journals New green electrode materials derived from waste cigarette butts for capacitive deionization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yang ◽  
Shudi Mao ◽  
Zhe Li ◽  
Zhuo Sun ◽  
Ran Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt

Abstract Smoked cigarette butts are a non-biodegradable pollutant that has damaged the planet. However, carbon materials derived from cigarette butts have proven to be suitable for various applications. We synthesized cigarette butt-derived carbon via hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation methods and then converted it to an electrode material for capacitive deionization. The fabricated material, SCC-750, exhibited a relatively high salt adsorption capacity of 10.27 mg g−1. The excellent CDI (capacitive deionization) performance is due to the high specific surface area of 3,093.10 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 1.754 cm3 g−1. This work offers a new method to recycle harmful cigarette butts by converting them into promising electrode materials for capacitive deionization.

scholarly journals A hierarchical porous P-doped carbon electrode through hydrothermal carbonization of pomelo valves for high-performance supercapacitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 3284-3291
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Zhenyao Yin ◽  
Jinggao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Porous Carbon Materials ◽  
Hierarchical Porous

Porous carbon materials are synthesized from pomelo valves by the hydrothermal activation of H3PO4 followed by simple carbonization.

scholarly journals A New and Environmentally Friendly Route for Preparation of Carbon Microspheres from Wheat Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Leishan ◽  
Wang Cunjing ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Chen Gairong
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Microspheres ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Scanning Electron

The reactions were performed to synthesize carbon materials using wheat straw powder as raw material. The wheat straw powder was first hydrolyzed at the absence of a catalyst at 190°C for 1 h, then the hydrolyzate solution was used as carbon source to prepare carbon materials via hydrothermal carbonization at 180°C in the absence of a catalyst for 8 h. The influence of solid-liquid-ratio of wheat straw to water on the morphology of the product was investigated. The samples were examined by a scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the product was carbon microspheres with a large number of O–H, CHO, and other functional groups, and the diameters of carbon microspheres noticeably depended on the solid-liquid ratio. When the solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 60, the diameters of carbon microspheres were in the range of 100 to 300 nm when the solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 40, carbon microspheres with larger and more uniform diameters mostly about 250 nm were obtained, and when the solid-liquid-ratio was 1 : 20, there were more larger carbon microspheres with diameters about 800 nm in the product and the surface of these carbon microspheres is smoother, whereas; the uniformity of the product deteriorates.

scholarly journals Magnetic Behavior of Carbon Materials Made from Biomass by Fe-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Olivares ◽  
Silvia Román ◽  
Beatriz Ledesma ◽  
Alfredo Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Magnetization Curves ◽  
N2 Adsorption ◽  
Xrd Diffraction ◽  
Specific Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Pyrolysis Processes

Biomass magnetic materials were synthesized by several hydrothermal carbonization methods, by which iron was provided in different ways: as FeCl3 prior to or during hydrothermal carbonization, as pure Fe particles, or as magnetic ferrofluid, followed or not by pyrolysis processes. The materials were thoughtfully characterized in terms of elemental composition, thermal degradation, porosity (N2 adsorption, SEM micrography), surface chemistry (FTIR spectroscopy, XRD diffraction), and magnetization curves on a self-made installation. The results indicated that the process design can significantly improve the structure and chemistry of the material, as well as the magnetization effect induced on the adsorbent. Fe as FeCl3 was more interesting in regards to the development of porosity, mainly creating micropores, although it did not provide magnetism to the material unless a further pyrolysis was applied. Thermal treatment at 600 °C did not only increase the BET-specific surface (SBET) (262 m2 g−1) of the hydrochar, but also involved the transformation of Fe into magnetite, providing magnetic behavior of the hydrochar. Increasing pyrolyisis temperature to 800 °C even enhanced a better development of porosity (SBET of 424 m2 g−1) and also increased the specific magnetic susceptibility of the hydrochar as a result of the further transition of Fe into wustite and hydroxi-ferrite.

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