The EPMA, LA-ICP-MS and ICP-OES study of corrosion of structural materials for a nuclear reactor cooling circuit by molten fluoride salt treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vaculovic ◽  
P. Sulovsky ◽  
J. Machat ◽  
V. Otruba ◽  
O. Matal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Fluoride Salt ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Cooling Circuit ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Molten Fluoride

Elemental mapping of structural materials for a nuclear reactor by means of LA-ICP-MS

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vaculovič ◽  
T. Warchilová ◽  
T. Šimo ◽  
O. Matal ◽  
V. Otruba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
Icp Ms

scholarly journals Studies on the Content of Selected Technology Critical Elements (Germanium, Tellurium and Thallium) in Electronic Waste

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3722
Author(s):  
Joanna Willner ◽  
Agnieszka Fornalczyk ◽  
Magdalena Jablonska-Czapla ◽  
Katarzyna Grygoyc ◽  
Marzena Rachwal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Weee Recycling ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
And Migration

The article draws attention to the problem of the presence of metals: germanium (Ge), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl), and others (Cd, Ba, Co, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) in selected waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). As a result of the growing demand for new technologies, the global consumption of TECs has also been increasing. Thus, the amount of metals in circulation, of which the impacts on the environment have not yet been fully understood, is constantly increasing. Due to the low content of these metals in WEEE, they are usually ignored during e-waste analyses. The main aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Ge, Te, and Tl (and other elements) in ground sieve fractions (1.0, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 mm) of selected electronic components (solar lamps, solar cell, LED TV screens, LCD screens, photoresistors, photodiodes, phototransistors) and to determine the possible tendency of the concentrations of these metals in fractions. This problem is particularly important because WEEE recycling processes (crushing, grinding, and even collection and transport operations) can lead to dispersion and migration of TCE pollutants into the environment. The quantitative composition of e-waste was identified and confirmed by ICP-MS, ICP-OES and SEM-EDS, and XRD analyses. It was found that Ge, Te, and Tl are concentrated in the finest fractions of ground e-waste, together with Cd and Cr, which may favor the migration of these pollutants in the form of dust during storage and processing of e-waste.

Irradiation of thorium-bearing molten fluoride salt in graphite crucibles

2021 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
pp. 111094
Author(s):  
P.R. Hania ◽  
D.A. Boomstra ◽  
O. Benes ◽  
P. Soucek ◽  
A.J. de Koning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Salt ◽  
Molten Fluoride

scholarly journals Comparison of Serum, Plasma, and Liver Zinc Measurements by AAS, ICP-OES, and ICP-MS in Diverse Laboratory Settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Hall ◽  
Janet C. King ◽  
Christine M. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Percent Error ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Standardized Method

AbstractProgress improving zinc nutrition globally is slowed by limited understanding of population zinc status. This challenge is compounded when small differences in measurement can bias the determination of zinc deficiency rates. Our objective was to evaluate zinc analytical accuracy and precision among different instrument types and sample matrices using a standardized method. Participating laboratories analyzed zinc content of plasma, serum, liver samples, and controls, using a standardized method based on current practice. Instrument calibration and drift were evaluated using a zinc standard. Accuracy was evaluated by percent error vs. reference, and precision by coefficient of variation (CV). Seven laboratories in 4 countries running 9 instruments completed the exercise: 4 atomic absorbance spectrometers (AAS), 1 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and 4 ICP mass spectrometers (ICP-MS). Calibration differed between individual instruments up to 18.9% (p < 0.001). Geometric mean (95% CI) percent error was 3.5% (2.3%, 5.2%) and CV was 2.1% (1.7%, 2.5%) overall. There were no significant differences in percent error or CV among instrument types (p = 0.91, p = 0.15, respectively). Among sample matrices, serum and plasma zinc measures had the highest CV: 4.8% (3.0%, 7.7%) and 3.9% (2.9%, 5.4%), respectively (p < 0.05). When using standardized materials and methods, similar zinc concentration values, accuracy, and precision were achieved using AAS, ICP-OES, or ICP-MS. However, method development is needed for improvement in serum and plasma zinc measurement precision. Differences in calibration among instruments demonstrate a need for harmonization among laboratories.

Interaction of Pipeline Materials with Molten Fluoride Salts

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 769-774
Author(s):  
Tomáš Šimo ◽  
Oldřich Matal ◽  
Lukáś Nesvadba ◽  
Vladimír Dvořák ◽  
Viktor Kanický ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Salt Melts ◽  
Molten Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Salts

Molten fluoride salts are very promising carriers for the transport of large amounts of heat for example from a high temperature nuclear reactor to a plant which generates hydrogen by chemical processes or from a nuclear reactor to a heat exchanger being a part of the equipment needed to realize the Brayton cycle with a very high power efficiency. Therefore, in the framework of our project, experimental and theoretical investigations of the interactions of fluoride salts as heat carriers needed as high potential and structural materials for pipelines in order to transport heat at temperatures above 600◦C were started. Experimental investigations of Fe-based and Ni-based materials in molten fluoride salts at high temperatures and with different exposure times were performed. Two components salts (LiF-NaF and NaF-NaBF4) and three components salts (LiF-NaF-ZrF4 and LiF-NaF-RbF) were chosen in the experiments. The salt analysis was focussed on the content of metallic elements before and after the exposure of the samples to the salt melts. It was done by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by titrimetric techniques. The thickness of the material zone affected by the salt melts, characterized by an enriched / reduced content of elements in comparison to the mean original content, and the material attacked zone, characterized by very tiny channels or chains of pores or pits formed preferably at grain boundaries, were the subject of the analysis performed by electron microscopy / microprobe techniques. Theoretical models for the transport of elements in the material samples exposed to salt melts using experimental data were also developed.

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