The effect of the number of counted traverses on the estimation of the total spore count sampled on a non-cultivable slit impactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Marchand ◽  
Yves Cloutier ◽  
Carole Pépin ◽  
Daniel Drolet
Keyword(s):  
Spore Count ◽  
Total Spore Count

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Subkhan Mahulette ◽  
Anggra Alfian ◽  
ABDUL KARIM KILKODA ◽  
IMELDA JEANETTE LAWALATA ◽  
DESSY ARIYANI MARASABESSY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Spore Number ◽  
Total Spore Count

Abstract. Mahulette AS, Alfian A, Kilkoda KA, Lawalata IJ, Marasabessy DA, Tanasale VL, Makaruku MH. 2021. Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3613-3619. Forest clove is classified as wild-type and endemic to the Maluku (Moluccas) Islands, Indonesia. The different condition of growing areas causes various types of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) associated with forest clove. The study aimed to identify and obtain indigenous AMF inoculums from the forest clove rhizosphere from two distribution areas in Maluku. The results of AMF identification found two types of spores from the genus Glomus in the rhizosphere of forest cloves from Ambon Island with a spore density of 35/50 g of soil. In comparison, three spores were found in Seram Island, two from the genus Scutellospora and one from the Acaulospora. With an overall spore density of 5/50 g of soil. After culture trapping, there was a change in type and an increase in spore density in soil samples from the rhizosphere of the two forest clove distribution areas. Soil samples from Ambon after trapping culture obtained two new types of spores from the genus Acaulospora with a total spore number of 57/50 g soil while in soil samples from Seram found three new types of spores from the genus Glomus with a total spore count of 104/50 g of soil.

A survey of sources of heat-resistant bacteria in milk with particular reference to psychrotrophic spore-forming bacteria

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. McKinnon ◽  
Graham L. Pettipher
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Trend ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Total Spore Count ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria

SummarySamples of winter bedding and summer pasture, rinses of teats and milking equipment, and milk samples from bulk tanks from 4 farms were analysed bacteriologically for total count (TC), thermoduric count, total spore count (TSC) and psychrotrophic spore count (PSC).In bedding and pasture samples the TSC comprised the main component of the thermoduric flora but was less than 0·1 % of the TC. The PSC formed ∼ 1 % of the TSC in winter bedding and ∼23 % of the TSC in pasture. For pasture, the PSC: TSC ratio was highest for the upper layer of soil and lower for the grass and deeper layer of soil. The TSC formed 5% of the thermoduric flora in rinses of milking equipment and only a very low PSC was obtained. The TSC of farm bulk tank milks was higher in the winter than the summer but the PSC was similar in both seasons. This was due to an increase of ∼9 times in the PSC:TSC ratio for milks in summer compared with winter. The PSC in raw and commercially pasteurized milks from a local creamery showed a similar seasonal trend.

scholarly journals Influence of Environment on Atmospheric Concentrations of Peronospora antirrhini Sporangia in Field-Grown Snapdragon

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1060-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Byrne ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck ◽  
L. E. Sconyers
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Total Spore Count ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Hourly concentrations of airborne sporangia of Peronospora antirrhini at a commercial snapdragon farm were investigated over three growing seasons to determine the influence of the environment on their occurrence and concentration. Hourly concentrations of sporangia of P. antirrhini were estimated using a Burkard volumetric spore sampler. Atmospheric sporangial concentrations followed a diurnal pattern and were greatest during 0500 to 1200 h. Minimum daily temperatures <10.0°C appeared to have a moderate limiting effect on atmospheric sporangial concentrations, whereas temperatures <6.0°C had more severe limiting effects. Maximum daily temperatures ≥30.0°C limited concentrations of atmospheric sporangia. Long dew periods (≥6 h) were associated with relatively large sporangia releases. On 69 days (1999 to 2001), the total number of sporangia trapped was >100/m3/day, and the average length of leaf wetness duration prior to these releases was 11 h. Consecutive days with short leaf wetness periods were associated with low atmospheric sporangial concentrations. Significant positive correlations (P = 0.0502 and P = 0.0174) were found between total rainfall and total spore count for both research plots in 2000. Information gained from this study will contribute to the development of a disease management program that utilizes environmental cues to prompt fungicide applications, thus increasing the efficiency of fungicide programs and delaying the development of pathogen resistance.

scholarly journals Permanent prevalence of Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Csáki ◽  
Miklós Heltai ◽  
Ferenc Markolt ◽  
Balázs Kovács ◽  
László Békési ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
The Mean

Nosema ceranae is present in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies worldwide. Studies on the comparative virulence of N. ceranae and N. apis showed significant differences in individual mortality, and the prevalence of N. ceranae seems to be predominant in both the continental and the Mediterranean climate regions. This study attempted to monitor the geographical and seasonal distribution of these two Nosema species in Hungary, using a simple laboratory method. The distribution of N. ceranae and N. apis infection rates along all seasons was homogeneous (P = 0.57). In co-infected samples, the intensity of N. ceranae infection was always significantly higher than that of N. apis infection (P < 0.001). The infection rate of infected bees in exterior samples was higher than in interior samples in each season; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The species N. ceranae had been present in Hungary already in 2004. Statistical analysis of data shows that the infection level is best represented by sampling exterior bees to establish the proportion of infected bees rather than by determining the mean spore count.

Yield and Rhizosphere - microflora of Cowpea in Response to Magnesium Fertilization in Lateritic Soils of Kerala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Soniya ◽  
P.S. Bhindhu
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Lateritic Soils ◽  
Magnesium Uptake

Background: Magnesium deficiency has become a major nutritional disorder in lateritic soils of Kerala. Appropriate magnesium fertilization is the best strategy to combat deficiency issues. Apart from correcting nutritional deficiency, magnesium fertilization has an influence on the growth of beneficial microbes such as nitrogen fixing bacterias and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of magnesium fertilization on crop yield and population rhizosphere micoflora of cowpea in lateritic soils of Kerala.Methods: A pot culture experiment was conducted with a gradient of magnesium additions ranging from 5 mg kg-1 to 80 mg kg-1 of soil along with recommended dose of fertilizers. Population of rhizobium, free living nitrogen fixing bacteria, spore count of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and per cent root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were studied during flowering. The available magnesium and magnesium uptake were also worked out during harvest. Yield and yield contributing characteristics of cowpea were measured during harvest stage.Result: Magnesium addition produced significant variations in population of rhizobium and free- living nitrogen fixing bacteria whereas spore count of AMF and per cent root colonization of AMF did not vary according to the added doses of magnesium. A higher population of rhizobium, free living nitrogen fixers, root nodules, magnesium uptake, plant height and yield were obtained in the treatment where magnesium was applied @ 10 mg kg-1 soil.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization in the Rhizosphere of Aspilia pruliseta Schweif. ext Schweif in the Semiarid Eastern Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117862212096919
Author(s):  
James Peter Muchoka ◽  
Daniel Njiru Mugendi ◽  
Paul Nthakanio Njiruh ◽  
Charles Onyari ◽  
Paul Kamau Mbugua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Biological Technique

The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance soil phosphate uptake is a biological technique considered to cure phosphate deficiency in soils. This study investigated association of Aspilia pruliseta Schweif shrub with AMF in Kenya. The study aims at profiling a tropical shrub with multiple ecological benefits that could reduce addition of chemical phosphatic fertilizer into the soil and reverse negative consequences of eutrophication. Sampling was purposive to have areas with or without Aspilia pruliseta vegetation growing. A small amount (10 g) of the soil from 27 composite samples was used for spore count determination and a similar amount for next generation sequencing. Spore counts varied significantly among soil textural types, sample locations, and soil depth. Sandy loam had the highest spore counts with a mean average of 404 spores. The spore count decreased significantly ( P < .05) with the depth of soil from a mean of 514 spores to 185 along the rhizosphere. The intensity of spore morphotypes was significantly higher at P < .05 for soils whose vegetation was covered with Aspilia pruliseta than those without. Aspilia pruliseta vegetation used together with sandy loam soil could culture commercial mycorrhiza fungi production for use in agrisystems.

scholarly journals A Novel Spore Collection Device for Sampling Exposure Pathways: A Case Study of Puccinia psidii

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Holliday ◽  
S. A. Jones ◽  
J. A. Simpson ◽  
M. Glen ◽  
J. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Myrtle Rust ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Collection Device ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Gross Examination

A device comprising a filter attached to a vacuum cleaner was purpose-built to sample rust spores from three potentially high-risk pathways in Australia: passengers, fresh flowers, and sea cargo. The proportion of spores recovered from eight surfaces comparable with those on each pathway (cotton, denim, roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, wood, plastic, and metal) was estimated in the laboratory. Spore recovery percentages were highest for denim clothing (61% Puccinia triticina Erikss. and 62% Uromycladium tepperianum) and lowest for carnations (4% P. triticina Erikss. and 5% U. tepperianum). Subsequently, the device was tested at several locations on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia, recently affected by a “myrtle rust” outbreak. Symptomatic and asymptomatic myrtle rust hosts, myrtle rust nonhosts, and inanimate objects (e.g., clothing and vehicles) were sampled in conjunction with the emergency response to the outbreak. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay developed for P. psidii established the presence of myrtle rust, and visual inspections provided spore count estimations. All samples from symptomatic myrtle rust hosts produced positive PCR results and spore count estimations were generally much greater. Several samples from asymptomatic myrtle rust hosts, myrtle rust nonhosts, and inanimate objects also produced positive PCR results; however, there were discrepancies between PCR results and spore count estimations in some of these samples, all of which had <100 spores. This study highlights the utility of the device and analytical methodology, especially during the early stages of a disease outbreak when infection symptoms on plants and contamination on objects is not visible upon gross examination.

Soil P, Arbuscular mycorrhizal spore count and root colonization of cowpea in biochar amended soils under maize/cowpea cropping systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeyinwa Monica Uzoh ◽  
Chukwuebuka Christopher Okolo ◽  
Akudo Ogechukwu Onunwa ◽  
Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Biochar Soil Amendment ◽  
Amended Soil

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cowpea, a food and nutrition security crop is being threatened by decline in soil fertility especially in small holder farmstead. The natural arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil could improve its ability to acquire and retain nutrients thereby leading to higher yield. This irrigated field research was conducted to determine the effect of biochar rates and cropping systems on selected soil chemical properties, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), nitrogen (SMBN), phosphorus (SMBP), and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) spore count and mycorrhizal fungi colonization (AMF) of cowpea. Experimental design was 3 x 3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Factor A was three cropping systems; sole cowpea, intercropping and intra-cropping, while factor B was three biochar rates; control (biochar at 0 t ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (B&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;)), biochar at 2.5 t ha&lt;sup&gt;-1 &lt;/sup&gt;(B&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) and biochar at 5 t ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (B&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). These were replicated in three blocks to constitute 27 plots. The entire plot was cleared, ploughed and demarcated into beds with hoes and diggers. Cowpea sole or inter- or intra- cropped with maize were planted in a spacing distance of 25cm by 75cm, with intercropped cowpea being in-between the interrow spacing (75 cm), while the intracropped cowpeas was planted between the intrarow spacing (25 cm). Biochar soil amendment were applied two weeks after planting by making a groove in-between the rows in the soil and covering them with soil. The result showed that biochar soil amendment and interaction of biochar with cropping system significantly (p&lt;0.05) affected SMBN, SMBC, total&amp;#160; VAM spore count and AMF colonization by cowpea, whereas cropping system significantly affected only total VAM spore count and AMF colonization by cowpea. B&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; amended soil had the highest SMBC content (0.028 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) while the least was from control plot (0.021 mg kg &lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), SMBN was highest in B&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;amended soil (0.004 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), followed by control plot (0.002 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). Control had higher AMF and total VAM spore count while biochar amended soil had higher soil microbial properties. Considering the cropping systems, inter and intra-cropping had higher microbial biomass and total VAM spore count than sole cowpea whereas sole cowpea had higher AMF infection of cowpea than the intercropped cowpea. Biochar at 5 tha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; had the highest available P. Generally, this study showed superiority of the interaction of biochar with cropping systems over sole cropping in the improvement of soil properties in degraded soils of North-West province of South Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Key words: Cropping systems; Chromic Luvisol; Microbial properties; Soil fertility; Soil amendment&lt;/p&gt;

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document