On the origin of the forward peak and backward oscillations in the F + H2(v = 0) → HF(v′ = 2) + H reaction

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (42) ◽  
pp. 5664 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sokolovski ◽  
D. De Fazio ◽  
S. Cavalli ◽  
V. Aquilanti
Keyword(s):  
Forward Peak

scholarly journals Behaviour of the forward peak in hard diffractive leptoproduction of vector mesons

1997 ◽  
Vol 403 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Gotsman ◽  
E Levin ◽  
U Maor
Keyword(s):  
Forward Peak ◽  
Vector Mesons

Information Content of AVHRR Channels 4 and 5 with Respect to the Effective Radius of Cirrus Cloud Particles

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 973-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Parol ◽  
J. C. Buriez ◽  
G. Brogniez ◽  
Y. Fouquart
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Effective Radius ◽  
Forward Peak ◽  
Effective Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Effective Absorption ◽  
Cloud Particles ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper investigates the important difference in the relationship between brightness temperatures between the 11-μm and the 12-μn AVHRR data and the microphysical properties of the semitransparent cirrus clouds. In the nonscattering approximation, the emittance for channels 4 and 5 are related through the absorption coefficient ratio that is the key parameter giving access to the size of cloud particles. The observed mean value of this parameter corresponds to effective radius of 18 μm for polydisperse spheres and 12 μm for polydisperse infinitely long ice cylinders. Taking the multiple scattering into account, the brightness temperature difference enhances much more for cylinders than for spheres owing to the fact that the forward peak of scattering is less large for cylinders. To obtain the size of cloud particles, the method developed in the nonscattering case is still applicable if one makes use of the effective emittance that implicitly includes the effects of mattering. Thus, an effective absorption coefficient ratio is defined and we derive a direct relationship between this ratio and the optical properties of the cloud particles. The mean value of the effective absorption coefficient ratio corresponds to ice spheres of effective radius of 26 μm or a bit less in the case of water spheres (supercooled droplets), but no agreement can be obtained for fully randomly oriented cylinders.

scholarly journals Concerning the Effect of Anisotropic Scattering and Finite Depth on the Distribution of Solar Radiation in Snow

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Barkstrom ◽  
Charles W. Querfeld
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Finite Depth ◽  
Anisotropic Scattering ◽  
Isotropic Scattering ◽  
Forward Peak ◽  
Angular Reflectance ◽  
Reflectance Data

It is shown that anisotropic scattering with a strong forward peak can give reasonable agreement with angular reflectance data for snow. As a result of the forward peak, solar radiation penetrates deeper into the medium, when measured in terms of photon mean free paths, than it does for isotropic scattering. The radiation transmitted directly through finite slabs can be seen to an optical depth of seven, and decreases much more rapidly with optical depth than does the diffusely transmitted (scattered) radiation.

Cyclic single drop square wave polarography at spherical electrodes — the reversible case

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Ramaley ◽  
Wee Tee Tan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Square Wave Voltammetry ◽  
Simple Theory ◽  
Forward Peak ◽  
Single Drop ◽  
Peak Potential ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Wave Voltammetry ◽  
Plane Theory ◽  
Best Fit

The influence of electrode sphericity and the results of sweep reversal are examined for square wave voltammetry and the square wave polarography in which an entire polarogram is obtained on a single drop. An expanding sphere treatment obtained by adding a spherical correction to expanding plane theory gives the best fit to the experimental data. Amalgam forming reactions fit the simple theory developed to a lesser extent than other reactions, especially on the reverse sweep. The shape of the differential polarogram is not significantly affected by sphericity and the reverse peak potential is approximately equal to the forward peak potential. Small differences in these potentials are due to the distortion of the square wave by the stairstep used for the sweep and the distortion of the polarogram due to drop growth. The ratio of the forward and reverse peak currents depends on the phasing of the square wave and stairstep in all cases and on other parameters for a growing drop.

THE FORWARD PEAK OF ELASTIC HARDON-HADRON SCATTERING AND UNITARITY BOUNDS FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTION

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (21) ◽  
pp. 1905-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KAWASAKI ◽  
T. MAEHARA ◽  
M. YONEZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Differential Cross Section ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Differential Cross ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Forward Peak ◽  
Forward Scattering Amplitude ◽  
Interaction Radius ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
Small Momentum

Unitarity bounds for the differential cross-section of high-energy elastic hadron-hadron scattering are obtained under the constraints of fixed total cross-section σt, elasticity x, real part to imaginary part ratio ρ of the forward scattering amplitude, and forward slope b by assuming a finite interaction range. The obtained upper bound has an observed curvature structure at small momentum transfers and is nearly saturated by the experimental data of pp and [Formula: see text] scattering at −t=0−0.3 (GeV/c)2 in the energy region [Formula: see text] , if we take the interaction radius scaled as [Formula: see text].

Slope of the Forward Peak: Ans-Channel Analysis

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1331-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolph C. Hwa
Keyword(s):  
Forward Peak ◽  
Channel Analysis

Postural disturbances resulting from unilateral and bilateral diaphragm contractions: a phrenic nerve stimulation study

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Hamaoui ◽  
Anna L. Hudson ◽  
Louis Laviolette ◽  
Marie-Cécile Nierat ◽  
Manh-Cuong Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Forward Peak ◽  
Phrenic Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Postural Disturbance ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Phrenic Stimulation

Thoracoabdominal breathing movements are a complex source of postural disturbance, but there are contradictory reports in the literature with inspiration described as having either a backward or a forward disturbing effect. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, the present study studied the postural disturbance caused by isolated contractions of the diaphragm. Eight male and four female healthy subjects followed an original paradigm of phrenic nerve stimulation (bilateral and unilateral) and “diaphragmatic” voluntary sniff maneuvers in the seated and standing postures. Center of gravity (CG) acceleration was calculated from force plate recordings, and respiratory kinematics were assessed with thoracic and abdominal sensor belts. CG and respiratory signals revealed that, while seated, bilateral phrenic stimulation and sniff maneuvers consistently produced expansion of the abdomen associated with a forward peak of CG acceleration. In the standing posture, the direction of the CG peak was reversed and always directed backward. Unilateral phrenic stimulation induced an additional medial-lateral acceleration of the CG, directed toward the nonactive side while seated, but in the opposite direction while standing. These results suggest that isolated diaphragmatic contractions produce a constant disturbing pattern for a given posture, but with opposite effects between standing and seated postures. This could be related to the different biomechanical configuration of the body in each posture, corresponding to distinct kinematic patterns of the osteoarticular chain. In addition, the lateral component of the CG acceleration induced by unilateral diaphragm contractions could be clinically relevant in patients with hemidiaphragm paralysis.

Multiple-scattering aerosol lidar inversion method

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc R. Bissonnette ◽  
Daniel L. Hutt
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Forward Peak ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
Scattering Phase ◽  
Scattering Phase Function ◽  
Aerosol Backscatter

The multiple-scattering contributions to lidar aerosol backscatter returns are measured by simultaneous detection at four concentric fields of view. A solution method is proposed to calculate, from the ratios of the lidar returns at the different fields of view, the range-resolved scattering coefficient. The method also provides the effective size of the aerosol particles responsible for the forward peak of the scattering phase function. Solutions from measurements performed in fog and clouds with a 1.054 μm lidar system are presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document