Synthesis of non-substituted phthalocyanines by standard and non-standard techniques. Influence of solvent nature in phthalocyanine preparation at low temperature by UV-treatment of the reaction system

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Kharisov ◽  
U. Ortiz Méndez ◽  
J. L. Almaraz Garza ◽  
J. R. Almaguer Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Solvent Nature ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Influence Of Solvent

Low-temperature combustion synthesis and UV treatment processed p-type Li:NiOx active semiconductors for high-performance electronics

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (46) ◽  
pp. 12584-12591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Bowen Wang ◽  
Yongpeng Zhang ◽  
Xingwei Ding ◽  
Jianhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
P Type

The p-type Li:NiOx thin films were successfully fabricated through the SUV route at 150 °C.

Chemical Heat Storage with LiOH/LiOH·H2O Reaction for Low-Temperature Heat below 373 K

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 757-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitushiro Kubota ◽  
Satoshi Matsumoto ◽  
Hitoki Matsuda ◽  
Hong Yu Huang ◽  
Zhao Hong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Chemical Heat ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Storage Density ◽  
Temperature Heat

There is a great demand on promotion of heat utilization below 373 K to establish highly-efficient energy system, because such heat is enormously unused and discharged from every process. Towards this demand, we have focused on chemical heat storage due to its high heat storage density. In this study, the promising inorganic hydrates were investigated for low-temperature heat storage with the differential scanning calorimetry. Consequently, it is found that lithium hydroxide monohydrate dehydrates at 337 K with endothermic heat of 1,440 kJ/kg-LiOH・H2O. Due to its high storage density and the simplicity of dehydration reaction, LiOH/LiOH・H2O reaction was chose as the most promising reaction for chemical heat storage below 373 K. From the chemical equilibrium calculation, this reaction system is found to be more suitable for chemical heat storage than chemical heat pump. Fundamental study of dehydration behavior of LiOH・H2O was also performed with a thermogravimetric analyzer, and the apparent activation energy of dehydration of LiOH・H2O was determined to be 51.7 kJ/mol in the conversion ranges of 0.4-0.7.

scholarly journals UV Treatment of Low-Temperature Processed SnO2 Electron Transport Layers for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumin Li ◽  
Mengqi Xu ◽  
Xingping Ma ◽  
Liang Shen ◽  
Liangxin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Uv Treatment

Perchlorosilanes and Perchlorocarbosilanes as Precursors to Silicon Carbide

2006 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sevastyanov ◽  
Yurij Ezhov ◽  
Roman Pavelko ◽  
Nikolaj Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Key Features

AbstractHomologues with the general stoichiometry a(SiCl4) : bSi : cC : d(SiC) are shown to be potential precursors for the low-temperature gas-phase synthesis of silicon carbide. Thermal decomposition of these precursors yields the chemically stable gaseous species SiCl4 and condensed Si, C, SiC, SiC+Si, or SiC+C. Thermodynamic modeling of the thermal decomposition of octachlorotrisilane, Si3Cl8, is used to analyze the key features of the thermolysis of perchlorosilanes with the general stoichiometry a(SiCl4) : bSi. The equilibrium compositions of reaction products in the Si3Cl8+CO system are determined. This reaction system enables low-temperature (400 – 1200 K) synthesis of silicon carbide.

Influence of Solvent Nature on the Solubility of Halogenated Alkanes

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1945-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Prezhdo ◽  
Valentina Zubkova ◽  
Victor Prezhdo
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Nature ◽  
Halogenated Alkanes ◽  
Influence Of Solvent

Low Temperature Water-Gas Shift Reaction on Au-CeO2/Al2O3 Catalysts

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacer Gunes ◽  
Ramazan Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Alumina Support ◽  
Co Conversion ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Shift Reaction ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Temperature Water

The low temperature water gas shift activities of Au-CeO2/Al2O3 catalysts were studied in this work. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation of CeO2 on alumina support followed by the homogeneous deposition precipitation of Au on CeO2/Al2O3. The catalysts were tested in a microflow reaction system. It was found that the activity of the catalyst increased with increasing Ce loading from 2.5 wt.% to 10 wt.% significantly while the increase in the activity was minor with the further increase of the ceria to 20 wt.%. The increasing Au content from 1 wt.% to 3 wt.% inversely affected the activity but the conversion increased with increasing Au to 5 wt.%. It was observed that the activity of 5wt.%Au/20wt.%Ce/Al2O3 decreased with increasing CO concentration. On the other hand, the CO conversion was increased with increasing H2O in the feed (significantly up to 10% H2O and then slightly after that). The 15% CO2 in the feed decreased catalytic activity slightly while the negative effect of 60% H2 was more dramatic. The presence of both CO2 and H2 in the feed together resulted the lowest conversion as expected.

Ion molecule reactions in ethane. Thermochemistry and structures of the intermediate complexes: C4H11+ and C4H10+ formed in the reactions of C2H5+ and C2H4+ with C2H6

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (21) ◽  
pp. 2262-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hiraoka ◽  
P. Kebarle
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Source Pressure ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Ion Molecule Reactions ◽  
High Temperature Reaction ◽  
Induced Dipole

The reactions of C2H5+ and C2H4+ with ethane were studied in a pulsed electron beam high ion source pressure mass spectrometer. Ethane at variable pressures in the 10–100 m Torr range in ~5 Torr hydrogen was used in experiments covering the temperature range −145 to 400 °C. Reaction [7]: C2H5+ + C2H6 = sec-C4H9+ + H2 was found to have a rate constant whose magnitude decreased with temperature: k7 = 10−5.12 T−2 (molecule−1 cm3 s−1). The reaction proceeds via a C4H11+ (b) intermediate, which at low temperature can be stabilized and becomes the major product. The rate constant for thermal decomposition of C4H11(b) by reaction [6t]: C4H11+ (b) = sec-C4H9+ + H2 could be measured. The activation energy was found to be E6t = 9.6 kcal/mol. From consideration of the above data and the known ΔH7, it was concluded that C4H11+ (b) has the structure[Formula: see text]Before dissociation to sec-C4H9+ + H2, this ion rearranges to[Formula: see text]The barrier for this rearrangement is ~9.6 kcal/mol.C2H4+ reacts with C2H6 to give C4H10+ (d) at low temperatures. At high temperatures C4H10+ (d) becomes an intermediate in the dissociation to sec-C3H7+ + H2. The formation of C4H10+ at low temperature has a rate constant whose magnitude decreases with temperature. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant K10 for the reaction [10]: C2H4+ + C2H6 = C4H10+ (d) could be determined. This led to ΔH10 = −15.3 kcal/mol. The rate constant for the high temperature reaction [11]: C2H4+ + C2H6 = sec-C3H7+ + H2 was k11 = 8.4 × 10−10 exp (−3.9/RT kcal/mol) (molecule−1 cm3 s−1). A potential energy diagram for the reaction system is proposed. C4H10+ (d) is probably a complex between C2H4+ and C2H6 held largely by ion induced dipole process. Reaction [11] probably proceeds via C4H10+ (d) → n-C4H10+ → sec-C3H7+ + H2. The barrier between C7H10+ (d) and n-C4H10+ is ~20 kcal/mol.

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