Steady-state absorption rate models for use in relaxation rate studies with continuous laser excited photothermal lens spectrometryDedicated to Professor Silvia Braslavsky, to mark her great contribution to photochemistry and photobiology particularly in the field of photothermal methods.

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Bialkowski
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Relaxation Rate ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Continuous Laser ◽  
Photothermal Methods ◽  
Steady State Absorption

Effect of Isomer Geometry on the Steady-State Absorption Spectra and Femtosecond Time-Resolved Dynamics of Carotenoids

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (44) ◽  
pp. 21172-21179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeus D. Pendon ◽  
George N. Gibson ◽  
Ineke van der Hoef ◽  
Johan Lugtenburg ◽  
Harry A. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Steady State Absorption

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and thermal acclimation on the sustainable performance of swimming scup

2007 ◽  
Vol 362 (1487) ◽  
pp. 1995-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C Rome
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Relaxation Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Duty Cycles ◽  
Red Muscle

There is a significant reduction in overall maximum power output of muscle at low temperatures due to reduced steady-state (i.e. maximum activation) power-generating capabilities of muscle. However, during cyclical locomotion, a further reduction in power is due to the interplay between non-steady-state contractile properties of muscle (i.e. rates of activation and relaxation) and the stimulation and the length-change pattern muscle undergoes in vivo . In particular, even though the relaxation rate of scup red muscle is slowed greatly at cold temperatures (10°C), warm-acclimated scup swim with the same stimulus duty cycles at cold as they do at warm temperature, not affording slow-relaxing muscle any additional time to relax. Hence, at 10°C, red muscle generates extremely low or negative work in most parts of the body, at all but the slowest swimming speeds. Do scup shorten their stimulation duration and increase muscle relaxation rate during cold acclimation? At 10°C, electromyography (EMG) duty cycles were 18% shorter in cold-acclimated scup than in warm-acclimated scup. But contrary to the expectations, the red muscle did not have a faster relaxation rate, rather, cold-acclimated muscle had an approximately 50% faster activation rate. By driving cold- and warm-acclimated muscle through cold- and warm-acclimated conditions, we found a very large increase in red muscle power during swimming at 10°C. As expected, reducing stimulation duration markedly increased power output. However, the increased rate of activation alone produced an even greater effect. Hence, to fully understand thermal acclimation, it is necessary to examine the whole system under realistic physiological conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document