Thermal stability and spatial distribution of sodium chloride alone and in the presence of several metal salts on a graphite platform

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Castro ◽  
J. C. Feo ◽  
A. J. Aller
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Metal Salts

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Analysis and Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality in Roundhill Landfill Vicinity of South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117862211987277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Nyika ◽  
Ednah Onyari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate

Groundwater is the most reliable resource for consumptive uses worldwide, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution in this post-industrialization era. Pollution of the resource may result from anthropogenic activities; hence, analysing the effects of leachate on groundwater is imperative. This study assessed the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters of groundwater in Roundhill landfill vicinity of South Africa and conducted their hydrogeochemical analysis. Water samples were collected from 3 boreholes in the landfill surroundings and analysed for selected physicochemical characteristics. Spatial distribution of these parameters showed dominant pollution by Mn2+, Fe2+, and [Formula: see text], which surpassed prescribed allowable limits of the country in most of the study area. Possibilities of simple dissolution and ion mixing were deduced from the Durov diagram. Magnesium carbonate, sodium chloride, and mixed faces of groundwater were dominant in boreholes 1 to 3, respectively. The dominance of Ca2+, Cl−, Mg2+, and [Formula: see text] ions in some boreholes suggested anthropogenic pollution. Landfill leachate was associated with groundwater pollution in the study area.

Effect of acetylacetone metal salts on curing mechanism and thermal stability of polybenzoxazine

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 953-962
Author(s):  
Hongqiang Yan ◽  
Jianan Hu ◽  
Huaqing Wang ◽  
Zuomin Zhan ◽  
Jie Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Water ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Activity Structure ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

To overcome high water absorption of inorganic metal salts and their poor compatibility with resin, acetylacetone metal salts (M(acac) n) were selected as the catalysts of benzoxazine resin. Their effects on the catalytic activity, structure, and thermal stability of polybenzoxazine had been estimated by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analyzer. The results revealed that M(acac) n of iron (Fe3+), cobalt (Co3+ and Co2+), and copper (Cu2+) exhibited high catalytic activity and reduced evidently activation energy, especially acetylacetone iron salt. The addition of M(acac) n was beneficial to the formation of Ph–N–Ph structure, which was easy to form a denser carbon layer during thermal degradation, prevented heat transfer and further decomposition of the resin, and finally led to the increase of carbon residue at high temperature.

Rancidity in Lean Fish Muscle.: IV. Effect of Sodium Chloride and Other Salts

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell ◽  
Jill MacLean ◽  
Barbara Moore
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Lean Fish ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chelating Compounds

Sodium chloride accelerated rancidity in blended cod muscle at 0 C. This salt-induced rancidity was retarded by commercial antioxidants and chelating compounds. The active agent appeared to be the Na+rather than the whole salt or the Cl−.Other metal salts had similar pro-oxidant action on the cod muscle when used in relatively high concentrations (0.1 N and above). The relative activity, using metal chlorides, was as follows: Fe > Co > Cd > Li > Ni > Mg > Zn > Na > K. Ca and Ba had no effect.Many of these "pro-oxidant" salts also had a strong antioxidant effect on the development of copper-induced rancidity in the muscle.The relationship between TBA values and the type and intensity of odours is not the same for sodium chloride-induced and copper-induced rancidities. Some of the reasons for this have been discussed.It has been suggested that one mechanism by which sodium chloride influences the rate of lipid oxidation in the fish muscle is by the changes it produces in the accompanying proteins.

scholarly journals Thermal Stability of 0.9% Sodium Chloride IV Fluid exposed to Short- and Long-Term Extreme Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Akkbik ◽  
Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammad Diab ◽  
Ayad Moslih ◽  
Ahmed Makhlouf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Purpose: 0.9% sodium chloride IV fluid (normal saline) is critical in a clinical setting and may save lives. Data on thermal stability of normal saline, in out-of-hospital settings, are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on normal saline stability. Method: Normal saline provided in flexible plastic containers (Qatar Pharma, BA:1929013008, n=96) were stored at constant temperature of 22, 50, or 70°C, and at cyclic temperature of 70°C for 8 hours and 22°C for 16 hours for a period up to 28 days. The containers were sampled at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks in the short- and long-term study, respectively. Fluid inside containers was evaluated for discoloration, turbidity, bulging, and pH. A 1 mL of normal saline was withdrawn from each container and stored at 4°C until analysis. A 20 µL was diluted in 12 mL distilled water to be injected into ion exchange chromatography instrument (Metrohm, 850 Professional IEC) for the measurement of sodium and chloride levels. Results: Discoloration or turbidity of normal saline fluid was not observed at any temperature or exposure period. The container slightly bulged at 50˚C and largely bulged at 70˚C & cyclic. The pH was 5.59±0.08 at 22˚C, 5.73±0.04 at 50˚C, 5.86±0.02 at 70˚C and 5.79±0.03 at cyclic. Remaining sodium and chloride levels ranged from 100.2±0.26% to 111.27±4.22% and from 99.04±0.76 to 110.95±2.62%, respectively. Conclusion: Normal saline containers are stable up to 4 weeks under simulated constant and cyclic high temperatures. Storage in the cabinet of ambulance vehicles during hot summer season in an arid country like Qatar is to be assessed in real-life conditions.

Designing of Biodegradable Interpenetrating Polymer Network of Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-acrylic acid)/sodium chloride hydrogel : An Approach to Drug Delivery

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Debajyoti Ray ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Guru Prasad Mohanta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) networking with polyacrylic acid (PAA), generated insitu, were prepared by without any added crosslinker, using benzoyl peroxide an initiator and sodium chloride (NaCl) as additive. The response of the hydrogels with and without NaCl was observed by studying their swelling behavior, biodegradability and thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopic study revealed that the pores of the prepared IPN were mostly open in presence of NaCl, thus making the hydrogel macroporous. (PVA-co-PAA)/NaCl was found to be more biodegradable than without NaCl. The IPN hydrogel showed comparatively higher swelling at intestinal pH than that of gastric medium and presence of NaCl in the IPN increases the swelling properties in both media. Thermal stability of IPN was affected by copolymerization, due to increasing porosity of the IPN. The prepared nontoxic, hydrophilic IPN hydrogel system holds good for further drug delivery studies in connection to its superswelling and biodegradablity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document