Developments with the oscillating capillary nebulizer—effects of spray chamber design, droplet size and turbulence on analytical signals and analyte transport efficiency of selected biochemically important organoselenium compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1575-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany T. Hoang ◽  
Sheldon W. May ◽  
Richard F. Browner
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Spray Chamber ◽  
Organoselenium Compounds ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Chamber Design ◽  
Analyte Transport

Fast-Clearing Spray Chamber for ICP-AES

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Légère ◽  
Eric D. Salin
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Spray Chamber ◽  
Design Features ◽  
System A ◽  
Chamber Design ◽  
Clearing System ◽  
Icp Torch ◽  
Plasma Disturbance

The rapid-clearing spray chamber design utilizes two critical features for a rapid-clearing system—a nebulizer wash and a high-volume gas flush. The combination of these two features with supporting design features provides a system which can clear out a signal of Fe or Zn from 500 ppm to undetectable levels (below 10 ppb) in about 20 s. A tubular injector is used in the ICP torch to minimize plasma disturbance during the gas flush cycle. Several modifications to the spray chamber were necessary to handle the nebulizer wash efficiently.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model for Agglomeration Process of Milk Powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Sunatra Auamwong ◽  
Thongchai Rohitatisha Srinophakun
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Distinct Element ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Droplet Surface ◽  
Spray Chamber ◽  
Agglomeration Process ◽  
Sticky Point Temperature

Stickiness during milk spray drying can lead to the agglomeration of milk powder and damage the processing equipment. A mathematical model can achieve a better understanding. In this work, the Distinct Element Method (DEM) simultaneously with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to describe skim milk powder's agglomeration process. The study comprised 2 parts: surface stickiness mechanism and agglomeration of sticky powder. Start with particle formation, the droplet size, and the number of particles produced can be calculated and used to predict the droplet's surface stickiness. These reveal the effect of moisture content, droplet surface temperature, droplet size after drying, and sticky point temperature. Then, the agglomeration of sticky powder inside the spray chamber was predicted. Besides, the particle and fluid motion inside the spray chamber were also determined. Then, the particle size distribution after agglomeration was obtained. Furthermore, parts of the model were validated with the experimental data of Williams et al. (2009), which has three different droplet sizes, 56.8, 78.28, and 108.5 micrometers. The results gave the same trend as the sticky surface of the powder. The droplet's moisture contents rapidly decreased in the first period and fell to a critical value, which was 0.044, 0.048, and 0.061 kg water/kg solid, respectively. The periods of a sticky surface were around 0.033, 0.03, and 0.024 seconds. The largest droplet size was selected for the study of the agglomeration process. This model could predict the agglomeration of sticky powder since there were 216 from 900 droplets agglomerated. Moreover, the largest droplet size was 100.6 micrometers, and the most popular was 79.9 micrometers, which were the size of the un-agglomerated powder.

Observations on the Effects of Impact Beads, Mixer Paddles, and Auxiliary Oxidant on Droplet Distributions in Analytical Flame Spectroscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm S. Cresser ◽  
Richard F. Browner
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Spray Chamber ◽  
Droplet Size Distributions ◽  
Nebulizer Spray

The influences of impact beads, mixer paddles, and auxiliary oxidant upon the droplet size distributions reaching a burner head have been studied at three nebulization rates for a widely used Perkin Elmer nebulizer/spray chamber assembly. The trends observed are explained wherever possible and the practical significance of the results is briefly discussed.

A New Spray Chamber for Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1912-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Gary M. Hieftje
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Spray Chamber ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Emission Spectrometry ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Cost

A new type of spray chamber is evaluated for inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. The new design combines gravitational, centrifugal, turbulent and impact loss mechanisms in one apparatus to efficiently remove large droplets, increase transport efficiency and reduce memory effects. Compared with the commonly used Scott-type spray chamber, the new vertical rotary spray chamber has at least 30% higher sample-utilization efficiency, 2–3 times shorter sample clean-out time, half the cost, and simplified construction. Moreover, it offers somewhat better signal-to-background ratios, detection limits, and precision.

An Improved Pneumatic Concentric Nebulizer for Atomic Absorption. II. Aerosol Characterization

1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Routh
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Driving Pressure ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Spray Chamber ◽  
Head Temperature ◽  
Aerosol Characterization

The aerosol droplets generated by a new pneumatic concentric nebulizer for flame spectrochemical applications are characterized. Droplet number density and size distributions were measured using low angle forward scattering of laser light and compared to aerosol density and size distributions for a conventional nebulizer. The effects of impact bead position, spray chamber droplet conditioning, burner head temperature, nebulizer driving pressure, and uptake rate on droplet size and number density, and atomic absorption response are presented. The observed improvement in response is a result of increased nebulizer efficiency in converting solution to usable aerosol.

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