Diels–Alder reactions of 1,1,3-triarylallyl cations: determination of the free energy of concert

2002 ◽  
pp. 1441-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Fichtner ◽  
Herbert Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Diels Alder

scholarly journals On factors affecting surface free energy of carbon black for reinforcing rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangyong Zhang ◽  
Ruipeng Zhong ◽  
Ruoyu Hong ◽  
David Hui
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Chromatographic Column ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

AbstractThe surface activity of carbon black (CB) is an important factor affecting the reinforcement of rubber. The quantitative determination of the surface activity (surface free energy) of CB is of great significance. A simplified formula is obtained to determine the free energy of CB surface through theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation. The surface free energy for four kinds of industrial CBs were measured by inverse gas chromatography, and the influential factors were studied. The results showed that the aging time of the chromatographic column plays an important role in accurate measurement of the surface free energy of CB, in comparison with the influences from the inlet pressure and carrier gas flow rate of the chromatographic column filled with CB. Several kinds of industrial CB were treated at high temperature, and the surface free energy of CB had a significant increase. With the increase of surface free energy, the maximum torque was decreased significantly, the elongation at break tended to increase, the heat generation of vulcanizates was increased, and the wear resistance was decreased.

Structure determination of the Diels-Alder product of a ketovinylphosphonate with E-1-acetoxy-1,3-butadiene

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (13) ◽  
pp. 2153-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia K. McClure ◽  
Keith J. Herzog ◽  
Martha D. Bruch
Keyword(s):  
Structure Determination ◽  
Diels Alder

The Equilibrium and the Determination of D00 (H—CN)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (16) ◽  
pp. 2365-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Betowski ◽  
Gervase Mackay ◽  
John Payzant ◽  
Diethard Bohme
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Standard Enthalpy ◽  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Enthalpy Change ◽  
Standard Free Energy Change ◽  
Flowing Afterglow ◽  
Standard Enthalpy Change

The rate constants and equilibrium constant for the proton transfer reaction [Formula: see text] have been measured at 296 ± 2 K using the flowing afterglow technique: kforward = (2.9 ± 0.6) × 10−9 cm3molecule−1s−1, kreverse = (1.8 ± 0.4) × 10−10 cm3 molecule1 s−1, and K = 16 ± 2. The measured value of K corresponds to a standard free energy change, ΔG296°, of −1.6 ± 0.1 kcal mol−1 which provides values for the standard enthalpy change, ΔH298°= −1.0 ± 0.2 kcal mol−1, the bond dissociation energy, D00(H—CN) = 124 ± 2 kcal mol−1, and the proton affinity, p.a.(CN−) = 350 ± 1 kcal mol−1.

scholarly journals Determination of the Critical Stress Associated with Dynamic Phase Transformation in Steels by Means of Free Energy Method

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clodualdo Aranas ◽  
Samuel Rodrigues ◽  
Ameth Fall ◽  
Mohammad Jahazi ◽  
John Jonas
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Energy Method ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Dynamic Phase

Nucleus-size pinning for determination of nucleation free-energy barriers and nucleus geometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (18) ◽  
pp. 184104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek K. Sharma ◽  
Fernando A. Escobedo
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Nucleus Size ◽  
Energy Barriers
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