Rapid, ultra-sensitive detection of gas phase elemental mercury under atmospheric conditions using sequential two-photon laser induced fluorescence

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bauer ◽  
P. Campuzano-Jost ◽  
A. J. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Deployment of a sequential two-photon laser-induced fluorescence sensor for the detection of gaseous elemental mercury at ambient levels: fast, specific, ultrasensitive detection with parts-per-quadrillion sensitivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4251-4265 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bauer ◽  
S. Everhart ◽  
J. Remeika ◽  
C. Tatum Ernest ◽  
A. J. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Mercury Species ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Gaseous Mercury

Abstract. The operation of a laser-based sensor for gas-phase elemental mercury, Hg(0), is described. It utilizes sequential two-photon laser excitation with detection of blue-shifted laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to provide a highly specific detection scheme that precludes detection of anything other than atomic mercury. It has high sensitivity, fast temporal resolution, and can be deployed for in situ measurements in the open atmosphere with essentially no perturbation of the environment. An ambient sample can also be pulled through a fluorescence cell, allowing for standard addition calibrations of the concentration. No type of preconcentration is required and there appears to be no significant interferences from other atmospheric constituents, including gas-phase oxidized mercury species. As a consequence, it is not necessary to remove oxidized mercury, commonly referred to as reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), from the air sample. The instrument has been deployed as part of an instrument intercomparison and compares well with conventional instrumentation that utilizes preconcentration on gold followed by analysis using cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS). Currently, the achievable detection sensitivity is ~ 15 pg m−3 (~ 5 × 104 atoms cm−3, ~ 2 ppq) at a sampling rate of 0.1 Hz, i.e., averaging 100 shots with a 10 Hz laser system. Preliminary results are described for a 50 Hz instrument that utilizes a modified excitation sequence and has monitored ambient elemental mercury with an effective sampling rate of 10 Hz. Additional work is required to produce the precision necessary to perform eddy correlation measurements. Addition of a pyrolysis channel should allow for the measurement of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and hence RGM (by difference) with good sensitivity and time resolution.

scholarly journals Deployment of a sequential two-photon laser induced fluorescence sensor for the detection of gaseous elemental mercury at ambient levels: fast, specific, ultrasensitive detection with parts-per-quadrillion sensitivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5651-5693
Author(s):  
D. Bauer ◽  
S. Everhart ◽  
J. Remeika ◽  
C. Tatum Ernest ◽  
A. J. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Mercury Species ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Gaseous Mercury

Abstract. The operation of a laser-based sensor for gas phase elemental mercury, Hg(0), is described. It utilizes sequential two photon laser excitation with detection of blue shifted laser induced fluorescence to provide a highly specific detection scheme that precludes detection of anything other than atomic mercury. It has high sensitivity, fast temporal resolution, and can be deployed for in-situ measurements in the open atmosphere with essentially no perturbation of the environment. An ambient sample can also be pulled through a fluorescence cell allowing standard addition calibrations of the concentration. No type of preconcentration is required and there appears to be no significant interferences from other atmospheric constituents including gas phase oxidized mercury species. As a consequence, is not necessary to remove RGM from the air sample. The instrument has been deployed as part of an instrument intercomparison and compares well with conventional instrumentation that utilizes preconcentration on gold followed by analysis using Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Currently, the achievable detection sensitivity is ~ 15 pg m−3 (~ 5 × 104 atoms cm−3, ~ 2 ppq) at a sampling rate of 0.1Hz i.e. averaging 100 shots with a 10 Hz laser system. Preliminary results are described for a 50 Hz instrument that utilizes a modified excitation sequence and has monitored ambient elemental mercury with an effective sampling rate of 10 Hz. Additional work is required to produce the precision necessary to perform eddy correlation measurements. Addition of a pyrolysis channel should allow the measurement of Total Gaseous Mercury, and hence Reactive Gaseous Mercury (by difference) with good sensitivity and time resolution.

Sensitive detection of H2 molecules by two-photon excited laser-induced fluorescence

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Okada ◽  
M. Maeda ◽  
Y. Kajiki ◽  
K. Muraoka ◽  
M. Akazaki
Keyword(s):  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Two Photon

Characterization of ammonia two-photon laser-induced fluorescence for gas-phase diagnostics

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brackmann ◽  
Odd Hole ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Zhongshan S. Li ◽  
Marcus Aldén
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Two Photon

Imaging hydrogen flames by two-photon, laser-induced fluorescence

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MILES ◽  
W. LEMPERT ◽  
V. KUMAR ◽  
G. DISKIN
Keyword(s):  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Progresses on the Use of Two-Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) Diagnostics for Measuring Absolute Atomic Densities in Plasmas and Flames

Plasma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-171
Author(s):  
Kristaq Gazeli ◽  
Guillaume Lombardi ◽  
Xavier Aubert ◽  
Corinne Y. Duluard ◽  
Swaminathan Prasanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Transition ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Collisional Quenching ◽  
Two Photon Absorption ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Wide Range

Recent developments in plasma science and technology have opened new areas of research both for fundamental purposes (e.g., description of key physical phenomena involved in laboratory plasmas) and novel applications (material synthesis, microelectronics, thin film deposition, biomedicine, environment, flow control, to name a few). With the increasing availability of advanced optical diagnostics (fast framing imaging, gas flow visualization, emission/absorption spectroscopy, etc.), a better understanding of the physicochemical processes taking place in different electrical discharges has been achieved. In this direction, the implementation of fast (ns) and ultrafast (ps and fs) lasers has been essential for the precise determination of the electron density and temperature, the axial and radial gradients of electric fields, the gas temperature, and the absolute density of ground-state reactive atoms and molecules in non-equilibrium plasmas. For those species, the use of laser-based spectroscopy has led to their in situ quantification with high temporal and spatial resolution, with excellent sensitivity. The present review is dedicated to the advances of two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) techniques for the measurement of reactive species densities (particularly atoms such as N, H and O) in a wide range of pressures in plasmas and flames. The requirements for the appropriate implementation of TALIF techniques as well as their fundamental principles are presented based on representative published works. The limitations on the density determination imposed by different factors are also discussed. These may refer to the increasing pressure of the probed medium (leading to a significant collisional quenching of excited states), and other issues originating in the high instantaneous power density of the lasers used (such as photodissociation, amplified stimulated emission, and photoionization, resulting to the saturation of the optical transition of interest).

Infrared fluorescence relaxation of photoexcited gas‐phase ions by chopped‐laser two‐photon dissociation

1987 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 2081-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Dunbar ◽  
Jyh Horung Chen ◽  
Hun Young So ◽  
Bruce Asamoto
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Gas Phase Ions
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