scholarly journals Biological reduction of perchlorate in ion exchange regenerant solutions containing high salinity and ammonium levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina M. Gingras ◽  
Jacimaria R. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Biological Reduction

Process model for high salinity flow-electrode capacitive deionization processes with ion-exchange membranes

2020 ◽  
Vol 616 ◽  
pp. 118614
Author(s):  
Alexandra Rommerskirchen ◽  
Michael Alders ◽  
Florian Wiesner ◽  
Christian J. Linnartz ◽  
Anna Kalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Process Model ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization

Removal of bromate, perchlorate and nitrate from drinking water in an ion exchange membrane bioreactor

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.T. Matos ◽  
S. Velizarov ◽  
J.G. Crespo ◽  
M.A.M. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Ion Exchange Membrane ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biological Reduction ◽  
Permselective Membrane ◽  
Donnan Dialysis ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The presence of anionic micropollutants, such as bromate, perchlorate and nitrate, in drinking water supplies represents a risk for public health. This work evaluates the applicability of the ion exchange membrane bioreactor (IEMB) concept for their removal. The IEMB concept combines the transport of anionic pollutants, through a dense mono-anion permselective membrane, with their simultaneous biodegradation to harmless products by a suitable microbial culture in a separated biocompartment. The transport of the pollutant counter-ions (anions) is governed by the Donnan equilibrium principle and, therefore, it is possible to enhance it by using a more concentrated driving counter-ion (e.g. chloride) added to the biocompartment. The IEMB process proved to selectively remove nitrate and perchlorate to concentrations below the recommended levels of 4 ppb for ClO4− and 25 ppm of NO3−, from a model polluted stream containing 100 ppb of ClO4− and 60 ppm of NO3−. Transport studies, made under Donnan dialysis conditions, showed bromate fluxes comparable to those obtained for nitrate under similar experimental conditions. However, the rate of biological reduction of bromate was about one order of magnitude slower than that of nitrate.

Biological Removal of Ions: Principles and Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Tsezos
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Biological Reduction ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Soluble Species

Microbial cell – soluble species interactions can be part of technologies for the treatment of metal/metalloid and radionuclide bearing water streams in order to sequester the targeted species. Interactions of microbial cells and soluble targeted species include passive and active processes of metabolically inactive or active biomass, and result in the reduction of their mobility and toxicity. Different parts of the cell may sequester targeted species via processes such as complexation, chelation, coordination, ion exchange, precipitation and reduction. Collectively, these mechanisms have been referred to as sorption and the overall phenomenon as biosorption. The term biosorption is generally used to describe the passive interaction of microbial biomass with targeted species. The technologies based on these processes, lead to the set up of units, mainly in the form of packed bed reactors similar to the configuration of ion exchange resins reactors, placed at the end of a treatment process as a polishing stage. In order to maintain durability of the sorbent, the microbial cells harvested from different sources, are formulated into particles by way of immobilization – pelletization. In the early years of Biosorption, a significant effort was devoted to study the reusability of the sorbent by repeated sorption – desorption cycles, in order to reduce the operating cost of the technology. The availability of the biosorbent material, the reversibility of the desorption process, the presence of competing co-ions and organic molecules, posed significant scepticism and finally serious doubt about the industrial applicability of biosorption as a stand alone technology. However the mechanisms are active and present in biological reactors, and can contribute to overall species sequestering. Biological reactors based on active microbial biomass as alternative to passive sorption, exploit the self regenerating features of living biomass along with the traits of microbial metabolism. Active cells produce metabolites (i.e. EPS, simple inorganic moieties etc.) interacting chemically with the targeted species. The active biomass offers the additional attractive feature of forming biofilms on the surface of carrier materials allowing a natural way of cell immobilization. Different biofilm reactor configurations e.g. static or moving bed filters, fluidized bed reactors, rotating biological contactors support the development of biofilms. Conditions such as temperature, pH, presence of toxic compounds etc. should be considered in the applicability of the technology. Important metabolically mediated immobilization processes for metal/metalloid and radionuclide species are bioprecipitation and bioreduction. Bioprecipitation processes include the transformation of soluble species to insoluble hydroxides, carbonates, phosphates, sulfides or metal – organic complexes as a result of the microbial metabolism. In the case of biological reduction, the cells may use the species as terminal electron acceptors in anoxic environments to produce energy or reduce the toxicity of the cells microenvironment. Such processes form the basis for treatment technologies which are recently developed and applied both in pilot and full scale.

Combining Ion-exchange (IX) technology and biological reduction for perchlorate removal

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacimaria R. Batista ◽  
Tina M. Gingras ◽  
Adriano R. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Biological Reduction ◽  
Perchlorate Removal

Study of BiPbO2NO3 for I-129 Fixation under Reducing Conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Amaya ◽  
Atsushi Mukunoki ◽  
Mamoru Shibuya ◽  
Hiroshi Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Iodide Ions ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Ion Exchange Reaction ◽  
Anion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Exchange Properties

ABSTRACTLeaching of the iodide ion from BiPbO2I (BPI), BPI encapsulated in cement (BPIC) and AgI was studied in a low salinity solution and in a high salinity solution under reducing conditions. Although BPI released a limited amount of iodide ions (less than 1%) into the low salinity solution, it released more than 30% of iodide ions into the high salinity solution within 80 days. AgI released more than 30% of iodide ions into both low and high salinity solutions within 80 days. It was proved that BPI is more stable than AgI in the low salinity solution under reducing conditions. BPIC released a limited number of iodide ions (less than 5%) into both low and high salinity solutions. BPIC showed the best leach resistance in the high salinity solution.BiPbO2NO3 (BPN) was developed to remove iodide ions in a solution and fix them in BPI by the ion exchange reaction. Ion exchange properties under reducing conditions were studied. An anion exchange capacity of 1.0 mEq/g and a distribution coefficient of larger than 0.1 m3/kg were obtained in a solution at a pH of between 9 and 13. The advantages of the process using BPN for removing and immobilizing Iodine-129 were discussed from the standpoint of process simplification.

Improved ion-exchange column chromatography for Cu purification from high-Na matrices and isotopic analysis by MC-ICPMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Andrew Kidder ◽  
Alexandre Voinot ◽  
Kaj Vaughan Sullivan ◽  
Donald Chipley ◽  
Marissa Valentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Exchange Column ◽  
Ion Exchange Column ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure ◽  
Cu Isotopes ◽  
Pure Cu

Measurements of Cu isotopes from low concentration and high salinity matrices require high recovery and purity prior to measurement. A new automated two-stage chromatographic procedure yields highly pure Cu separations, low procedure blanks and much-improved reproducibility.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a novel porous Ag2O nanomaterial on ion exchange resin and its application for COD determination of high salinity water

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Quynh Anh Nguyen Thi ◽  
Ngoc Hang Le ◽  
Nhat Huy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Resin Core ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Chloride Removal

AbstractThis study reports for the first time on the synthesis of novel resin@P-Ag2O material and its application for reducing the chloride effect on COD determination of high salinity water. This engineered core–shell nanomaterial with cationic ion exchange resin core and porous Ag2O shell was prepared by facile ion exchange and silver oxidation method at ambient temperature without using toxic chemicals. The material was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and SEM–EDX mapping. In the chloride removal test, this material gave a high adsorption capacity of ca. 244 mgCl/gAg at the mild condition with high durability after several adsorption–desorption cycles. Moreover, resin@P-Ag2O was applied for removing chloride in water to improve the accuracy of the SMEWW 5220C:2012 method for COD determination of high salinity water. The result showed that the COD of a water sample with salt content after being treated by the material had a low error (≤ 10%) as compared to the sample without salt. Meanwhile, the COD of salty water measured by the dilution method had an error of around 15%. These results indicate that resin@P-Ag2O material has a very potential application for chloride removal and COD determination of high salinity water.

Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Ann M. Thomas ◽  
Virginia Shemeley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

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