Two OPEEs (organic phase enzyme electrodes) used to check the percentage water content in hydrophobic foods and drugs

The Analyst ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (11) ◽  
pp. 1923-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Campanella ◽  
G. De Santis ◽  
G. Favero ◽  
M. P. Sammartino ◽  
M. Tomassetti
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Enzyme Electrodes ◽  
Percentage Water Content

Organic phase enzyme electrodes: applications and theoretical studies

2001 ◽  
Vol 426 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Campanella ◽  
G Favero ◽  
L Persi ◽  
M.P Sammartino ◽  
M Tomassetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Enzyme Electrodes

Organic phase enzyme electrodes: kinetics and analytical applications

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel I. Iwuoha ◽  
Malcolm R. Smyth ◽  
Michael E.G. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Enzyme Electrodes ◽  
Analytical Applications

The performance and radiation exposure of some neutron probes in measuring the water content of the topsoil layer

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arslan ◽  
A. K. Razzouk ◽  
F. Al-Ain
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Surface Probe ◽  
Neutron Probe ◽  
Depth Probe ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Percentage Water Content

The use of neutron scattering technique for determining the soil surface water content is not popular due to the radiation escaping from the soil surface and the large errors in measurement. To compare the radiation exposure and the performance of different techniques statistically, 3 sites were selected. Five different neutron probe models and different adaptors were used with the depth probes. Exposure to neutrons and γ radiations, at various distances from the probes, were determined. In situ calibration curves were determined using different models of depth probes with a Solo surface reflector block, CPN surface adaptor, and different numbers of plastic Teflon parallelepiped, as well as surface Troxler 3401-B probes. Depth neutron probe readings increased with increasing number of Teflon plastic blocks deposited on the soil surface. The intercept of the straight line regression analysis of CR (count ratio, surface count over standard count) u. percentage water content on a volume basis decreased with increasing number of blocks deposited on the soil surface at all sites. The determination coefficient values of any depth probe with a Solo surface reflector or a block of 4·8 cm thickness were higher than those of a Troxler 3401-B surface probe or CPN 503 depth probe with its surface adaptor. The least exposure to radiation was with a depth probe with surface reflectors. This study proves the possibility of measuring the moisture content of the soil surface by using a depth neutron probe with a block laid on the surface, without danger of receiving the threshold dose of radiation.

Uji Performansi Mesin Penggiling Tipe Conical Burr Mill Terhadap Biji Kopi Robusta

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusni Hidayat ◽  
Zulfahrizal Zulfahrizal ◽  
Bambang Sukarno Putra
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Percentage Water Content ◽  
Mesh Sieve

Abstrak: Kopi robusta merupakan jenis kopi yang mendominasi perkebunan kopi di Indonesia hingga saat ini. Kopi robusta biasanya digunakan sebagai kopi instant atau cepat saji yang memiliki rasa netral serta aroma kopi yang kuat. Produksi kopi robusta saat ini mencapai sepertiga dari produksi seluruh dunia. Salah satu aspek dalam pengolahan kopi yang penting untuk diperhatikan yaitu pada proses penggilingan biji kopi yang telah disangrai dengan penanganan teknologi pasca panen menggunakan mesin penggiling biji kopi tipe conical burr mill. Penggilingan yang dilakukan dengan mesin ini dapat diatur sehingga menghasilkan berbagai macam jenis kehalusan bubuk kopi. Dengan berbagai macam jenis kehalusan bubuk kopi yang dihasilkan tentunya dapat mempengaruhi performansi dari mesin penggiling dan mempengaruhi mutu dari hasil gilingan. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kinerja dari mesin penggiling kopi dengan perlakuan ukuran ayakan. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah biji kopi robusta yang diperoleh dari Bener Meriah yang disangrai dengan suhu 200°C selama 10 menit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial. Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah perbedaan kehalusan dengan 3 taraf kehalusan yang diukur dengan ayakan berukuran 35 mesh, 10 mesh, 5 mesh dengan setiap perlakuannya dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 9 satuan percobaan. Pengamatan dan pengukuran data dilakukan dengan cara analisa sesuai dengan  parameter meliputi kapasitas pengilingan, rendemen, persentase kehilangan hasil, kadar air, persentase kelarutan dan uji organoleptik (tekstur, aroma dan rasa). Data yang didapatkan kemudian akan dianalisa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan ukuran ayakan atau tingkat kehalusan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kapasitas penggilingan, kadar air, persentase kelarutan dan uji organoleptik (tekstur,aroma dan rasa), tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen dan persentase kehilangan hasil. Berdasarkan perlakuan ukuran ayakan 5 mesh didapatkan perolehan terbaik nilai kapasitas penggilingan sebesar 44,469 kg/jam, rendemen 90,951%, persentase kehilangan hasil 9,049% dan kadar air 0,807%. Sedangkan pada perlakuan ukuran ayakan 35 mesh didapatkan perolehan terbaik nilai persentase kelarutan sebesar 27,880% dan uji organoleptik terhadap tekstur, aroma serta rasa bubuk kopi robusta hasil dari penggilingan biji kopi robusta menggunakan mesin conical burr mill dengan nilai skor rata-rata yaitu 4 (suka).PERFORMANCE TEST BY USING CONICAL BURR MILL TOWARDS ROBUSTA COFFEE BEANAbstract: Nowadays, robusta coffee is one of coffee types which dominates coffee plantation in Indonesia. Normally, robusta coffee will be used as an instant coffee which has neutral flavour, either strong aroma. Thus far, an increase in the number of robusta coffee production raises a third from the whole production over the world. One of the notable aspects in processing coffee located in the process of bean grinding which have already been roasted by using Conical Burr Mill in postharvest handling. Grinding process in which is done by Conical Burr Mill is able to be controlled to yield various types of coffee fineness. In addition, the various types of coffee fineness produced definitely will be affecting the performance of grinder machine, either affecting the quality of its production. Hence, the purpose of this research is to ascertain the performance of the coffee grinder machine by sieving. Furthermore, the material that will be used in this research is roasted bean robusta coffee from Bener Meriah in a temperature of 200°C in 10 minutes. This research uses Complete Tool Design Non Factorial which is by using 3 different size types of sieves, which are 35 mesh, 10 mesh, 5 mesh, and it is made repeatedly in three times which is resulting nine times trial. Moreover, the observation and data measurement are analyzed by using parameter such as the capacity of grinding, rendement, loss result percentage, water content, solubility percentage, and organoleptic test (texture, aroma, and flavor). Subsequently, the data will be analyzed and the result of research will indicate that the different size of sieves give an obvious effect towards grinding capacity, water content, solubility percentage, and organoleptic test (texture, aroma, and flavor), yet it does not give an obvious effect on rendement and loss result percentage. In conclusion, the utilization of 5 mesh sieve results the best capacity of grinding such as 44,469 kg/hour, rendement 90,951%, loss percentage result 9,049% and water content 0,807%. Whereas, using 35 mesh sieve produces the best percentage of solubility which is 27,880% and organoleptic test towards texture, aroma, even the flavor of bean robusta coffee by using Conical Burr Mill with the average score is 4 (like).

Organic phase enzyme electrodes for the determination of hydrogen peroxide and phenol

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schubert ◽  
Selwayan Saini ◽  
Anthony P.F. Turner ◽  
Frieder Scheller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Enzyme Electrodes

Organic phase enzyme electrodes

1991 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selwayan Saini ◽  
Geoffrey F Hall ◽  
Mark E.A Downs ◽  
Anthony P.F Turner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Enzyme Electrodes

A study on the salt and sodium tolerance of rice

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Sodium Tolerance ◽  
Ion Effects ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Percentage Water Content

SUMMARYAlthough salt injury in plants is due to both osmotic and specific ion effects, little is known about the reaction of rice plants to salinity under increasing sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) in the growth medium. Therefore, a glasshouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of four levels of salt concentration (20, 40, 60 and 80 m-equiv/1 with respect to the sum of Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and four levels of SAR (2, 25, 50 and 75) on growth and mineral composition of rice cvs IR 2153-26-3 and IR 26. The results show that as salt concentration increased, dry-matter yield and percentage water content of shoots decreased regardless of the variety. The rate of decline with salinity was most pronounced under low SAR and in the salt-sensitive variety IR 26. With increase in SAR, the yield, percentage water content and concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K in shoots and roots decreased, but the effects were more marked at the lowest salt concentration and in IR 26. Variety IR 2153-26-3 showed greater tolerance, maintaining a higher concentration of Ca and higher Ca/Na and K/Na ratios and a lower concentration of Na and Cl in the tops compared with IR 26.The degree of salt injury in rice seems to depend not only on salt concentration but also on SAR in the growth medium whilst salt tolerance is associated with tolerance for both high salt concentration and high SAR. Therefore, in studies on screening rice varieties for salt and sodium tolerance, the interactive effects of SAR and salinity must be considered so as to ensure greater adaptability by the varieties recommended for salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Single stage catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of pretreated bio-oil

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2747-2755
Author(s):  
Yan Luo ◽  
Xuan Zhou ◽  
Hui Pu ◽  
Hongling Pan ◽  
Xiao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Lower Water Content ◽  
Different Levels

Raw bio-oil was pretreated and tested for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) using three types of the commercial catalysts (HT-36, HT2300, and HT951T) to improve physio-chemical properties and enhance hydrocarbon yields. The three catalysts prompted different levels of hydrodeoxygenation, and the organic phase products (OLPs) yields were 25.30, 27.83, and 13.05 wt%, respectively. Moreover, OLPs had lower water content, total acid numbers (TAN), and O content as well as higher heating value (HHV), C, and H contents. For the three catalysts, HT-36 had the best HDO effects, resulting in 34.8% hydrocarbon production with improved HHV, water content value and TAN as well as element contents. The different level of HDO depended on the catalyst components, structure, and morphology. This research is beneficial for the selection and preparation of effective catalysts for bio-oil upgrading.

Organic phase enzyme electrodes

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sánchez-Paniagua López ◽  
E. López-Cabarcos ◽  
B. López-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Enzyme Electrodes
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