Mechanisms of abiotic degradation and soil–water interactions of pesticides and other hydrophobic organic compounds. Part 3. Nucleophilic displacement at the phosphorus centre of the pesticide fenitrothion [O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate] by oxygen nucleophiles in aqueous solution: α-effect and mechanism†

2001 ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Omakor ◽  
Ikenna Onyido ◽  
Gary W. vanLoon ◽  
Erwin Buncel
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Compounds ◽  
Abiotic Degradation ◽  
Nucleophilic Displacement

scholarly journals Predicting soil water repellency by hydrophobic organic compounds and their vegetation origin

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-186
Author(s):  
J. Mao ◽  
K. G. J. Nierop ◽  
M. Rietkerk ◽  
S. C. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Compounds ◽  
Soil Water Repellency

Abstract. It is widely accepted that soil water repellency (SWR) is mainly caused by plant-derived hydrophobic organic compounds in soils; such hydrophobic compounds are defined as SWR-markers. However, the detailed influence of SWR-markers on SWR is yet unclear and the knowledge of their original sources is still limited. The aims of this study are to select important SWR-markers to predict SWR based on their correlation with SWR and to determine their origin. In our study, sandy soils with different SWR were collected, along with their covering vegetation, i.e. plant leaves/needles and roots. A sequential extraction procedure was applied to the soils to obtain three organic fractions: DCM / MeOH soluble fraction (D), DCM / MeOH insoluble fraction of IPA / NH3 extract (AI) and DCM / MeOH soluble fraction of IPA / NH3 extract (AS), which were subdivided into ten dominant SWR-marker groups: (D) fatty acid, (D) alcohol, (D) alkane, (AI) fatty acid, (AI) alcohol, (AI) ω-hydroxy fatty acid, (AI) α, ω-dicarboxylic acid, (AS) fatty acid, (AS) alcohol and (AS) ω-hydroxy fatty acid. Waxes and biopolyesters of the vegetation were also sequentially extracted from plants. In short, the soils with higher SWR have significantly higher relative concentrations of (AS) alcohols. A number of indications suggest that (AS) alcohols are mainly derived from roots and most likely produced by microbial hydrolysis of biopolyesters/suberins. In addition, the strong correlation between the biomarkers of plant tissues and SWR-markers in soils suggests that it is more accurate to predict SWR of topsoils using ester-bound alcohols from roots, and to predict SWR of subsoils using root-derived ω-hydroxy fatty acids and α, ω-dicarboxylic acids. Our analysis indicates that plant roots have a primary role influencing SWR relative to plant leaves.

scholarly journals Predicting soil water repellency using hydrophobic organic compounds and their vegetation origin

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mao ◽  
K. G. J. Nierop ◽  
M. Rietkerk ◽  
S. C. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Compounds ◽  
Soil Water Repellency

Abstract. It is widely accepted that soil water repellency (SWR) is mainly caused by plant-derived hydrophobic organic compounds in soils; such hydrophobic compounds are defined as SWR markers. However, the detailed influence of SWR markers on SWR is yet unclear and the knowledge of their original sources is still limited. The aims of this study are to select important SWR markers to predict SWR based on their correlation with SWR and to determine their origin. In our study, sandy soils with different SWR were collected, along with their covering vegetation, i.e. plant leaves/needles and roots. A sequential extraction procedure was applied to the soils to obtain three organic fractions: dichloromethane (DCM)/MeOH soluble fraction (D), DCM/MeOH insoluble fraction of isopropanol/ammonia solution (IPA/NH3) extract (AI) and DCM/MeOH soluble fraction of IPA/NH3 extract (AS), which were subdivided into 10 dominant SWR marker groups: D fatty acid, D alcohol, D alkane, AI fatty acid, AI alcohol, AI ω-hydroxy fatty acid, AI α,ω-dicarboxylic acid, AS fatty acid, AS alcohol and AS ω-hydroxy fatty acid. Waxes and biopolyesters of the vegetation were also sequentially extracted from plants. The soils with higher SWR have significantly higher relative concentrations of AS alcohols. A number of indications suggest that AS alcohols are mainly derived from roots and most likely produced by microbial hydrolysis of biopolyesters (mainly suberins). In addition, the strong correlation between the biomarkers of plant tissues and SWR markers in soils suggests that it is more accurate to predict SWR of topsoils using ester-bound alcohols from roots, and to predict SWR of subsoils using root-derived ω-hydroxy fatty acids and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids. Considering the sandy soils studied here, the relationships we obtained need to be tested for other types of soils. Our analysis indicates that plant roots have a primary role influencing SWR relative to plant leaves.

Three-phase partitioning of hydrophobic organic compounds in Great Lakes waters

Chemosphere ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Eadie ◽  
Nancy R. Morehead ◽  
Peter F. Landrum
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Compounds ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
Three Phase

Improved Method for Combustion of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Solution

1954 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1503-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph. Katz ◽  
Samuel. Abraham ◽  
Nome. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Improved Method
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