Continuous-flow system for the accurate determination of low concentrations of ammonium ions using a gas-permeable poly(tetrafluoroethylene) tube decontaminator and an ammonia gas-sensing membrane electrode

The Analyst ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Hara ◽  
Susumu Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sensing Membrane

Enzyme Electrodes for the Food Industry

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 808-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. SKOGBERG ◽  
T. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Enzyme Electrode ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Enzyme Electrodes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immobilization Techniques ◽  
Sensing Membrane

In the past decade, there have been extensive advancements in enzyme electrode technology. This paper reviews the technology, historical development and potential and current applications of enzyme electrodes in the food industry. Proper choice of enzyme, electrode and immobilization techniques are considered. An overview of potentiometric, polarographic and gas-sensing membrane electrode methods is provided. A discussion of the initial development of a variety of procedures for measuring glucose, using an assortment of electrodes and immobilization techniques is also included. Some electrodes for carbohydrate and amino acids analysis and other analytical applications for the food industry are listed as well as a number of commercially available techniques.

Automated Sample Cleanup for Pesticide Multiresidue Determination. I. Evaluation of Solvent Partitioning Module

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Fred M Gretch ◽  
Joseph D Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Automated Procedures ◽  
Multiresidue Determination

Abstract An automated continuous flow procedure is described that improves the cost effectiveness and precision of AOAC methodology for multiresidue pesticide determinations in nonfatty foods. Individual modules capable of performing automated solvent partitioning and automated column chromatography were constructed and integrated into a continuous flow system. Data are presented comparing the recoveries and precision for the determination of 8 pesticides (aldrin, dieldrin, p,p’ - DDT, ethion, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, parathion, and ronnel) partitioned from 2 food crops (spinach and tomatoes) by both the manual and automated procedures.

Single- and coupled-enzyme nylon-tube reactors for plasma glucose determination with glucose oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1652-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Hinsch ◽  
A Antonijewić ◽  
P V Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Glucose Determination ◽  
Nylon Tube

Abstract We describe routine methods for determining glucose in plasma with use of aldehyde dehydrogenase or glucose oxidase-aldehyde dehydrogenase immobilized in a nylon tube that is integrated into a continuous-flow system. Although the coupled-enzyme nylon-tube reactors require the presence of a third enzyme, catalase, in solution, the kinetics are not so complicated as to preclude reliable routine determination of glucose at very low cost. Precision is good, and results correlate well with those by the method involving glucose oxidase in solution. More than 3000 tests may be carried out with one reactor. The immobilized enzymes are stable for several months at 4 degrees C when not in use.

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