A simple method for monitoring excessive levels of lead in whole blood using atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and a rapid, direct nebulisation technique

The Analyst ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 101 (1200) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Thompson ◽  
R. G. Godden
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry of Rubidium in Biological Fluids

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 602-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sutter ◽  
S R Platman ◽  
R R Fieve
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Bicarbonate ◽  
Interfering Ions

Abstract The atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for measurement of rubidium in serum, plasma, whole blood, and urine was evaluated, and the effects of interfering ions were studied. Absorbance was most enhanced by potassium and sodium; calcium, bicarbonate, and chloride at the concentrations found in serum did not affect rubidium absorption. Naturally occurring rubidium concentrations in serum, plasma, whole blood, and urine are 3, 4, 70, and 18 µEq/liter, respectively, much lower than expected therapeutic concentrations. Methods for preparing standards, optimum instrument settings, and special treatment of samples were established with specimens from monkeys treated with rubidium. These procedures are applicable to human bloods from patients receiving rubidium therapy when such therapy is begun for treatment of affective disorders.

Analysis for lead in undiluted whole blood by tantalum ribbon atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
B L Therrell ◽  
J M Drosche ◽  
T W Dziuk
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Beam System ◽  
No Sample Preparation

Abstract We describe a modified tantalum ribbon atomic absorption procedure for determining lead in undiluted whole blood. An instrumentation Laboratory (I.L.) Model 151 atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with an I.L. Model 355 Flameless Sampler was used. The Flameless Sampler was slightly modified to include three-cycle operation instead of the normal two cycles. This modified single-beam system, equipped with background correction, allows 5-microliter specimens of whole blood to be quickly and accurately analyzed. No sample preparation other than vortex mixing is involved and method reliability has been demonstrated during an extended period of successful participation in proficiency testing studies conducted by the Center for Disease Control. This tantalum ribbon methodology has further been demonstrated to be effective both as a primary screening procedure and as a confirmatory procedure, when coupled with erythrocyte protoporphyrin determinations, in screening over 300 000 clients during a three-year period of use in the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) Program in Texas.

Carbon Rod Atomizer Applied to Measurement of Lead in Whole Blood by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
N P Kubasik ◽  
M T Volosin ◽  
M H Murray
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Lead In Blood ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Carbon Rod Atomizer ◽  
Whole Blood Sample

Abstract An atomic absorption method is described for determining lead in blood by means of the carbon rod atomizer. With the procedure, only a dilution of the whole blood sample is required, and results are comparable to those obtained by the more generally used atomic absorption flame technique. Advantages of the carbon rod include rapid analysis, simple sample preparation, and small sample volumes.

Measurement of Lead in Blood and Urine by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 566-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
R O Farrelly ◽  
J Pybus
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Technical Error ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Lead In Blood ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract An extraction method for the estimation of lead in red cells is given. The method avoids both acid digestion and/or protein precipitation. It is extremely simple and reliable, and can easily be performed by technicians. A technical error of 4.5 v.g lead per 100 ml of red cells has been obtained. The use of red cells instead of whole blood provides a more accurate measure of exposure to lead as the lead is concen¬trated within the red cells. Normal and toxic ranges are given. As it is frequently required to monitor the lead excretion of patients receiving chelates for therapy, a method for the analysis of urine specimens from patients on this therapy is given.

Flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry of selenium in whole blood.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1448-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T Tulley ◽  
H P Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
Flameless Atomic Absorption ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cupric Nitrate

Abstract In this method of analysis for selenium in whole blood by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, 1 mL of sample is first digested with perchloric and nitric acids. After reduction and neutralization, the sample is reacted with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene, and the product is extracted into toluene. Twenty microliters of the extract is injected into the graphite furnace of a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer, along with 20 microliters of a 1.0 g/L cupric nitrate solution. Blood-based standards are used to establish the standard curve. The amount of selenium required to give an absorbance of 0.0044 is 5.3 micrograms/L. Precision is good, recovery excellent. The extract is stable for 24 h.

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