Photochemical deposition of noble metal ultrafine particles onto liposomes

The direct evaporation of metallic oxides or sulfides does not always given the same compounds with starting material, i.e. decomposition took place. Since the controll of the sulfur or selenium vapors was difficult, a similar production method for oxide particles could not be used for preparation of such compounds in spite of increasing interest in the fields of material science, astrophysics and mineralogy. In the present paper, copper metal was evaporated from a molybdenum silicide heater which was proposed by us to produce the ultra-fine particles in reactive gas as shown schematically in Figure 1. Typical smoke by this method in Ar gas at a pressure of 13 kPa is shown in Figure 2. Since the temperature at a location of a few mm below the heater, maintained at 1400° C , were a few hundred degrees centigrade, the selenium powder in a quartz boat was evaporated at atmospheric temperature just below the heater. The copper vapor that evaporated from the heater was mixed with the stream of selenium vapor,and selenide was formed near the boat. If then condensed by rapid cooling due to the collision with inert gas, thus forming smoke similar to that from the metallic sulfide formation. Particles were collected and studied by a Hitachi H-800 electron microscope.Figure 3 shows typical EM images of the produced copper selenide particles. The morphology was different by the crystal structure, i.e. round shaped plate (CuSe;hexagona1 a=0.39,C=l.723 nm) ,definite shaped p1 ate(Cu5Se4;Orthorhombic;a=0.8227 , b=1.1982 , c=0.641 nm) and a tetrahedron(Cu1.8Se; cubic a=0.5739 nm). In the case of compound ultrafine particles there have been no observation for the particles of the tetrahedron shape. Since the crystal structure of Cu1.8Se is the anti-f1uorite structure, there has no polarity.

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Analytical Electron Microscopy study of two vehicle-aged automotive exhaust catalysts having dissimilar activities

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100153336 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 272-273

Author(s):

Sooho Kim ◽

M. J. D’Aniello

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Particle Size ◽

Noble Metal ◽

Catalyst Deactivation ◽

Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Metal Particles ◽

Automotive Exhaust ◽

Exhaust Catalysts ◽

Analytical Electron

Automotive catalysts generally lose-agtivity during vehicle operation due to several well-known deactivation mechanisms. To gain a more fundamental understanding of catalyst deactivation, the microscopic details of fresh and vehicle-aged commercial pelleted automotive exhaust catalysts containing Pt, Pd and Rh were studied by employing Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM). Two different vehicle-aged samples containing similar poison levels but having different catalytic activities (denoted better and poorer) were selected for this study.The general microstructure of the supports and the noble metal particles of the two catalysts looks similar; the noble metal particles were generally found to be spherical and often faceted. However, the average noble metal particle size on the poorer catalyst (21 nm) was larger than that on the better catalyst (16 nm). These sizes represent a significant increase over that found on the fresh catalyst (8 nm). The activity of these catalysts decreases as the observed particle size increases.

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Crystal structure-size relationship in ultrafine metallic particles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100153300 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 266-267

Author(s):

Jun Liu ◽

Mehmet Sarikaya ◽

Ilhan A. Aksay

Keyword(s):

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Carbon Film ◽

Lattice Defects ◽

Careful Examination ◽

Seeded Growth ◽

Gold Particles ◽

Metallic Particles ◽

Interfacial Structures ◽

Typical Particle ◽

Many Particles

Ultrafine particles usually have unique physical properties. This study illustrates how the lattice defects and interfacial structures between particles are related to the size of ultrafine crystalline gold particles.Colloidal gold particles were produced by reducing gold chloride with sodium citrate at 100°C. In this process, particle size can be controlled by changing the concentration of the reactant. TEM samples are prepared by transferring a small amount of solution onto a thin (5 nm) carbon film which is suspended on a copper grid. In this work, all experiments were performed with Philips 430T at 300 kV.With controlled seeded growth, particles of different sizes are produced, as shown in Figure 1. By a careful examination, it can be resolved that very small particles have lattice defects with complex interfaces. Some typical particle structures include multiple twins, resulting in a five-fold symmetry bicrystals, and highly disordered regions. Many particles are too complex to be described by simple models.

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Interlayer confinement synthesis of Ir nanodots/dual carbon as an electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d0ta09358k ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yaru Li ◽

Yu-Quan Zhu ◽

Weili Xin ◽

Song Hong ◽

Xiaoying Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Splitting ◽

Noble Metal ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Overall Water Splitting ◽

Highly Dispersed

Rationally designing low-content and high-efficiency noble metal nanodots offers opportunities to enhance electrocatalytic performances for water splitting. However, the preparation of highly dispersed nanodots electrocatalysts remains a challenge. Herein, we...

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