Influence of α-Al2O3 morphology and particle size on drug release from ceramic/polymer composites

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1581-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Granado ◽  
Victoria Ragel ◽  
Victoria Cabañas ◽  
Julio San Román ◽  
María Vallet-Regí
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Α Al2o3

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery of Acitretin for the Treatment of Psoriasis by Design of Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4474-4491
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Aland ◽  
Ganesan M ◽  
P. Rajeswara Rao ◽  
Bhikshapathi D. V. R. N.
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Solid Lipid

The main objective for this investigation is to develop and optimize the solid lipid nanoparticles formulation of acitretin for the effective drug delivery. Acitretin loaded SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization followed by the ultrasonication using Taguchi’s orthogonal array with eight parameters that could affect the particle size and entrapment efficiency. Based on the results from the analyses of the responses obtained from Taguchi design, three different independent variables including surfactant concentration (%), lipid to drug ratio (w/w) and sonication time (s) were selected for further investigation using central composite design. The  lipid Dynasan-116, surfactant poloxomer-188 and co surfactant egg lecithin resulted in better percent drug loading and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and stability. All parameters were found to be in an acceptable range. TEM analysis has demonstrated the presence of individual nanoparticles in spherical shape and the results were compatible with particle size measurements.  In vitro drug release of optimized SLN formulation (F2) was found to be 95.63 ± 1.52%, whereas pure drug release was 30.12 after 60 min and the major mechanism of drug release follows first order kinetics release data for optimized formulation (F2) with non-Fickian (anomalous) with a strong correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.94572) of Korsemeyer-Peppas model. The total drug content of acitretin gel formulation was found to 99.86 ± 0.012% and the diameter of gel formulation was 6.9 ± 0.021 cm and that of marketed gel was found to be 5.7 ± 0.06 cm, indicating better spreadability of SLN based gel formulation. The viscosity of gel formulation at 5 rpm was found to be 6.1 x 103 ± 0.4 x 103 cp. The release rate (flux) of acitretin across the membrane and excised skin differs significantly, which indicates about the barrier properties of skin. The flux value for SLN based gel formulation (182.754 ± 3.126 μg cm−2 h−1) was found to be higher than that for marketed gel (122.345 ± 4.786 μg cm−2 h−1). The higher flux and Kp values of SLN based gel suggest that it might be able to enter the skin easily as compared with marketed gel with an advantage of low interfacial tension of the emulsifier film that ensures an excellent contact to the skin. This topically oriented SLN based gel formulation could be useful in providing site-specific dermal treatment of psoriasis

Formulating SLN and NLC as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Non-Invasive Routes of Drug Administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3623-3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fonseca-Santos ◽  
Patrícia Bento Silva ◽  
Roberta Balansin Rigon ◽  
Mariana Rillo Sato ◽  
Marlus Chorilli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Non Invasive

Colloidal carriers diverge depending on their composition, ability to incorporate drugs and applicability, but the common feature is the small average particle size. Among the carriers with the potential nanostructured drug delivery application there are SLN and NLC. These nanostructured systems consist of complex lipids and highly purified mixtures of glycerides having varying particle size. Also, these systems have shown physical stability, protection capacity of unstable drugs, release control ability, excellent tolerability, possibility of vectorization, and no reported production problems related to large-scale. Several production procedures can be applied to achieve high association efficiency between the bioactive and the carrier, depending on the physicochemical properties of both, as well as on the production procedure applied. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes Lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The route of administration has a significant impact on the therapeutic outcome of a drug. Thus, the non-invasive routes, which were of minor importance as parts of drug delivery in the past, have assumed added importance drugs, proteins, peptides and biopharmaceuticals drug delivery and these include nasal, buccal, vaginal and transdermal routes. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art concerning the application of the lipid nanocarriers designated for non-invasive routes of administration. In this manner, this review presents an innovative technological platform to develop nanostructured delivery systems with great versatility of application in non-invasive routes of administration and targeting drug release.

Design and Evaluation of Long Acting Biodegradable PLGA Microspheres for Ocular Drug Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Pandya ◽  
Rajani Athawale ◽  
Durga Puro ◽  
Geeta Bhagwat
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Plga Microspheres ◽  
Long Acting

Background: The research work involves development of PLGA biodegradable microspheres loaded with dexamethasome for intraocular delivery. Objective: To design and evaluate long acting PLGA microspheres for ocular delivery of dexamethasone. Method: Present formulation involves the development of long acting dexamethasone loaded microspheres composed of a biodegradable controlled release polymer, Poly(D, L- lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), for the treatment of posterior segment eye disorders intravitreally. PLGA with monomer ratio of 50:50 of lactic acid to glycolic acid was used to achieve a drug release up to 45 days. Quality by Design approach was utilized for designing the experiments. Single emulsion solvent evaporation technique along with high pressure homogenization was used to facilitate formation of microspheres. Results: Particle size evaluation, drug content and drug entrapment efficiency were determined for the microspheres. Particle size and morphology was observed using Field Emission Gun-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) and microspheres were in the size range of 1-5 μm. Assessment of drug release was done using in vitro studies and transretinal permeation was observed by ex vivo studies using goat retinal tissues. Conclusion: Considering the dire need for prolonged therapeutic effect in diseases of the posterior eye, an intravitreal long acting formulation was designed. Use of biodegradable polymer with biocompatible degradation products was a rational approach to achieve this aim. Outcome from present research shows that developed microspheres would provide a long acting drug profile and reduce the frequency of administration thereby improving patient compliance.

Controlled Release Behaviors of Ketoprofen from Matrix Polymer of Chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol)

2013 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 399-402
Author(s):  
Chimsook Thitipha ◽  
Thitiphan Chimsook
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Matrix Polymer ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Composition Ratios

The aim of present work was to prepare floating microsphere of ketoprofen using matrix polymer of chitosan and poly (ethylene glycol) by solvent diffusion method. The floating microsphere of ketoprofen was prepared from matrix polymer of chitosan and poly (ethylene glycol) with various composition ratios and evaluated such as particle size, drug compatibility and drug release of microspheres. The scanning electron microscopy of microspheres confirmed their hollow structures with smooth surface. Formulation CPK 4 to CPK 6 exhibited the best controlled release pattern in ketoprofen. The concentration and size of poly (ethylene-glycol) affected the particle size, percentage yield and drug release of microspheres.

Amoxicillin-loaded polyethylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles: Influence of PEG coating on the particle size, drug release rate and phagocytic uptake

Biomaterials ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 2857-2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Fontana ◽  
Mariano Licciardi ◽  
Silvana Mansueto ◽  
Domenico Schillaci ◽  
Gaetano Giammona
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Drug Release Rate ◽  
Peg Coating ◽  
Phagocytic Uptake

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PAPAIN LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES AGAINST HUMAN COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA CELL LINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Suriyakala Perumal Chandran ◽  
Kannikaparameswari Nachimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release

Objective: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer and also most common gastrointestinal malignancy with high prevalence rate in the younger population. Usually, cancer cells are surrounded by a fibrin coat which is resistant to fibrinolytic degradation. This fibrin coat is act as self-protective against natural killing mechanism. The main objective was to prepare papain-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (P-SLN) by melt dispersion-ultrasonication method and investigated the cytotoxic efficacy against colorectal adenocarcinoma (human colorectal adenocarcinoma [HCT 15]) cells.Methods: Optimized polymer ratio was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, entrapment efficiency, particle size and zeta potential analysis, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity studies on HCT-15 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.Results: The results showed that the particle size, morphological character and zeta potential value of optimized batch P-SLN were 265 nm, spherical and −26.5 Mv, respectively. The in vitro drug profile of P-SLN exhibited that it produced sustain drug release, and the cell viability of HCT-15 against P-SLN shown better efficacy than pure papain enzyme.Conclusion: P-SLNs were successfully prepared and investigated the in vitro drug release and in vitro cell viability against HCT-15 cell line.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF STABILITY OF ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE AND PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE MICROSPHERES AT ACCELERATED CONDITION

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Koyel Kar ◽  
R. N. Pal ◽  
Gouranga Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Ropinirole Hydrochloride ◽  
Pramipexole Dihydrochloride

Objective: The objective of the present work was to conduct accelerated stability study as per international council for harmonisation (ICH) guidelines and to establish shelf life of controlled release dosage form of ropinirole hydrochloride and pramipexole dihydrochloride microspheres for a period of 6 mo.Methods: Most optimized batch of ropinirole hydrochloride and pramipexole dihydrochloride (F12 and M12 respectively) were selected and subjected to exhaustive stability testing by keeping the sample in stability oven for a period of 3 and 6 mo. Various parameters like surface morphology, particle size, drug content, in vitro drug release and shelf life were evaluated at 3 and 6 mo period. The surface morphology of the formulated microspheres was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particle size of the microspheres was estimated by optical microscopy method. The drug content was assayed by the help of ultra-violet spectrophotometer (UV). The in vitro drug release was performed by using Paddle II type dissolution apparatus and the filtrate was analyzed by UV spectrophotometer. The shelf life of the optimized microspheres was calculated by using the rate constant value of the zero-order reaction.Results: A minor change was recorded in average particle size of F12 and M12 microspheres after storage for 6 mo. For F12 and M12, initially the particle size was 130.00 µm and 128.92 µm respectively and after 6 mo it was found to be 130.92 µm and 128.99 µm respectively. There was no change in surface morphology of F12 and M12 microspheres after 6 mo of storage. The shape of microspheres remained spherical and smooth after 6 mo. An insignificant difference of drug content was recorded after 6 mo compared to the freshly prepared formulation. For F12 and M12, 94.50% and 93.77% of the drug was present initially and after 6 mo 94.45% and 93.72% of the drug was recorded. In vitro drug release was recorded after 6 mo for F12 and M12. Initially, 97.99% and 97.69% of the drug was released till 14th hour respectively for F12 and M12. After 6 mo, 98.23% and 97.99% of the drug was released respectively. The percentage residual drug content revealed that the degradation of microspheres was low. Considering the initial percentage residual drug content as 100%, 99.94% of the drug was recorded for both F12 and M12. The shelf life for F12 and M12 was found to be 10 y 52 d and 10 y 70 d respectively which were determined by the zero-order kinetic equation.Conclusion: A more or less similar surface morphology, particle size, drug content and percent of drug release before and after stability study confirmed the stability of F12 and M12 microspheres after storage for 6 mo and prove the efficacy of the microspheres in the site-specific delivery of drugs in Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF 5-FLUOROURACIL LOADED LIQUORICE CRUDE PROTEIN NANOPARTICLES FOR SUSTAINED DRUG DELIVERY USING BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN

2021 ◽  
pp. 216-226
Author(s):  
GEETHA V. S. ◽  
MALARKODI VELRAJ
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Sustained Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading Efficiency

Objective: To formulate, optimize and evaluate 5-fluorouracil loaded liquorice crude protein nanoparticles for sustained drug delivery using Box-Behnken design. Methods: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded liquorice crude protein (LCP) nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method using ethanol-water (1:2 ratio), Tween-80 (2%v/v) as stabilizing agent and gluteraldehyde (8% v/v) as cross linking agent. The optimization of prepared nanoparticles was carried out using Box-Behnken design with 3 factors 2 levels and 3 responses. The independent variables were A)5-FU concentration B)LCP concentration and C) sonication time while the responses were R1) Drug entrapment efficiency R2) Drug loading efficiency and R3) Particle size. The correlation between factors and responses were studied through response surface plots and mathematical equations. The nanoparticles were evaluated for FTIR, physicochemical properties like particle size and zeta potential by Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and surface morphology by TEM. The entrapment efficiency, drug loading efficiency and in vitro drug release studies in PBS pH 7.4 (24 h) were carried out. The observed values were found to be in close agreement with the predicted value obtained from the optimization process. Results: 5-fluorouracil loaded LCP nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method, the optimization was carried out by Box-Behnken design and the final formulation was evaluated for particle size (301.1 nm), zeta-potential (-25.8mV), PDI(0.226), with entrapment efficiency (64.07%), drug loading efficiency (28.54%), in vitro drug release (65.2% in 24 h) respectively. The formulated nanoparticles show Higuchi model drug release kinetics with sustained drug delivery for 24 h in pH7.4 buffer. Conclusion: The results were proved to be the most valuable for the sustained delivery of 5-Fluorouracil using liquorice crude protein as carrier. 5-FU–LCP nanoparticles were prepared using Tween-80 as stabilizing agent and gluteraldehyde as cross-linking agent to possess ideal sustained drug release characteristics.

scholarly journals Formulation and characterization of flurbiprofen loaded microsponge based gel for sustained drug delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2765-2776
Author(s):  
Naresh Kshirasagar ◽  
Goverdhan Puchchakayala ◽  
Balamurgan K
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Skin Delivery ◽  
Sustained Action ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Polymer Ratio

The new investigation in this present work is to develop microsponges constructed novel drug delivery system for sustained action of Flurbiprofen. Quai-emulsion solvent diffusion method was engaged using Ethyl cellulose and Eudragit RS100 with drug: polymer ratio for development of microsponges. For optimization purposes, several factors are considered in the investigation. Several evaluation studies for the formed microsponges were carried out FT-IR, SEM, DSC, X-RD, particle size analysis, morphology, drug loading and In vitro drug release studies were carried out. Finally, it was concluded that there is no drug-polymer interaction as per DSC & FT-IR. Encapsulation efficiency, particle size and drug content showed a higher impact on alteration of drug-polymer ratio. SEM studies showed that morphological microsponges are spherical and porous in nature and with the mean particle size of 38.86 μm. The gel loaded with microsponges, were followed by In vitro and Ex vivo drug release studies by modified Franz diffusion cell. Skin delivery of optimized formulation enhanced the drug residence time and maintained therapeutic concentration for an extended period of time, which is possible to show sustained action of the drug.

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