scholarly journals Erratum: Corrigendum: What drives phenotypic divergence in Leymus chinensis (Poaceae) on large-scale gradient, climate or genetic differentiation?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Yuan ◽  
Linna Ma ◽  
Chengyuan Guo ◽  
Renzhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence

scholarly journals What drives phenotypic divergence in Leymus chinensis (Poaceae) on large-scale gradient, climate or genetic differentiation?

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Yuan ◽  
Linna Ma ◽  
Chengyuan Guo ◽  
Renzhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence ◽  
Western Group

Abstract Elucidating the driving factors among-population divergence is an important task in evolutionary biology, however the relative contribution from natural selection and neutral genetic differentiation has been less debated. A manipulation experiment was conducted to examine whether the phenotypic divergence of Leymus chinensis depended on climate variations or genetic differentiations at 18 wild sites along a longitudinal gradient from 114 to 124°E in northeast China and at common garden condition of transplantation. Demographical, morphological and physiological phenotypes of 18 L. chinensis populations exhibited significant divergence along the gradient, but these divergent variations narrowed significantly at the transplantation. Moreover, most of the phenotypes were significantly correlated with mean annual precipitation and temperature in wild sites, suggesting that climatic variables played vital roles in phenotypic divergence of the species. Relative greater heterozygosity (HE), genotype evenness (E) and Shannon-Wiener diversity (I) in western group of populations suggested that genetic differentiation also drove phenotypic divergence of the species. However, neutral genetic differentiation (FST = 0.041) was greatly lower than quantitative differentiation (QST = 0.199), indicating that divergent selection/climate variable was the main factor in determining the phenotypic divergence of the species along the large-scale gradient.

scholarly journals Low but significant genetic differentiation underlies biologically meaningful phenotypic divergence in a large Atlantic salmon population

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 5158-5174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutku Aykanat ◽  
Susan E. Johnston ◽  
Panu Orell ◽  
Eero Niemelä ◽  
Jaakko Erkinaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence ◽  
Salmon Population

scholarly journals MOLECULAR EVIDENCE FOR KIN GROUPS IN THE ABSENCE OF LARGE-SCALE GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION IN A MIGRATORY BIRD

Evolution ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 924-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Friesen ◽  
W. A. Montevecchi ◽  
A. J. Gaston ◽  
R. T. Barrett ◽  
W. S. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Molecular Evidence

scholarly journals Large-scale geographic survey provides insights into the colonization history of a major aphid pest on its cultivated apple host in Europe, North America and North Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Olvera-Vazquez ◽  
C. Remoue ◽  
A. Venon ◽  
A. Rousselet ◽  
O. Grandcolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

With frequent host shifts involving the colonization of new hosts across large geographical ranges, crop pests are good models for examining the mechanisms of rapid colonization. The microbial partners of pest insects may be involved or affected by colonization, which has been little studied so far. We investigated the demographic history of the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea, a major pest of the cultivated apple (Malus domestica) in Europe, North Africa and North America, as well as the diversity of its endosymbiotic bacterial community. We genotyped a comprehensive sample of 714 colonies from Europe, Morocco and the US using mitochondrial (CytB and CO1), bacterial (16s rRNA and TrnpB), and 30 microsatellite markers. We detected five populations spread across the US, Morocco, Western and Eastern Europe, and Spain. Populations showed weak genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity, except the Moroccan and the North American that are likely the result of recent colonization events. Coalescent-based inferences releaved high levels of gene flow among populations during the colonization, but did not allow determining the sequence of colonization of Europe, America and Morroco by D. plantaginea, likely because of the weak genetic differentiation and the occurrence of gene flow among populations. Finally, we found that D. plantaginea rarely hosts any other endosymbiotic bacteria than its obligate nutritional symbiont Buchnera aphidicola. This suggests that secondary endosymbionts did not play any role in the rapid spread of the rosy apple aphid. These findings have fundamental importance for understanding pest colonization processes and implications for sustainable pest control programs.

scholarly journals A chromosome-level assembly of the Atlantic herring – detection of a supergene and other signals of selection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats E. Pettersson ◽  
Christina M. Rochus ◽  
Fan Han ◽  
Junfeng Chen ◽  
Jason Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Ecological Adaptation ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Chromosome Level

ABSTRACTThe Atlantic herring is a model species for exploring the genetic basis for ecological adaptation, due to its huge population size and extremely low genetic differentiation at selectively neutral loci. However, such studies have so far been hampered because of a highly fragmented genome assembly. Here, we deliver a chromosome-level genome assembly based on a hybrid approach combining ade novoPacBio assembly with Hi-C-supported scaffolding. The assembly comprises 26 autosomes with sizes ranging from 12.4 to 33.1 Mb and a total size, in chromosomes, of 726 Mb. The development of a high-resolution linkage map confirmed the global chromosome organization and the linear order of genomic segments along the chromosomes. A comparison between the herring genome assembly with other high-quality assemblies from bony fishes revealed few interchromosomal but frequent intrachromosomal rearrangements. The improved assembly makes the analysis of previously intractable large-scale structural variation more feasible; allowing, for example, the detection of a 7.8 Mb inversion on chromosome 12 underlying ecological adaptation. This supergene shows strong genetic differentiation between populations from the northern and southern parts of the species distribution. The chromosome-based assembly also markedly improves the interpretation of previously detected signals of selection, allowing us to reveal hundreds of independent loci associated with ecological adaptation in the Atlantic herring.

scholarly journals Evolution during seed production for ecological restoration? A molecular analysis of 19 species finds only minor genomic changes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Conrady ◽  
Christian Lampei ◽  
Oliver Bossdorf ◽  
Walter Durka ◽  
Anna Bucharova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Change ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Wild Plants

A growing number of restoration projects require large amounts of seeds. As harvesting natural populations cannot cover the demand, wild plants are often propagated in large-scale monocultures. There are concerns that this cultivation process may cause genetic drift and unintended selection, which would alter the genetic properties of the cultivated populations and reduce their genetic diversity. Such changes could reduce the pre-existing adaptation of restored populations, and limit their adaptability to environmental change. We used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and a pool-sequencing approach to test for genetic differentiation and changes in gene diversity during cultivation in 19 wild grassland species, comparing the source populations and up to four consecutive cultivation generations grown from these sources. We then linked the magnitudes of genetic changes to the species breeding systems and seed dormancy, to understand the roles of these traits in genetic change. The propagation of native seeds for ecosystem restoration changed the genetic composition of the cultivated generations only moderately. The genetic differentiation we observed as a consequence of cultivation was much lower than the natural genetic differentiation between different source regions, and the propagated generations harbored even higher gene diversity than wild-collected seeds. Genetic change was stronger in self-compatible species, probably as a result of increased outcrossing in the monocultures. Synthesis and applications: Our study indicates that large-scale seed production maintains the genetic integrity of natural populations. Increased genetic diversity may even increase the adaptive potential of propagated seeds, which makes them especially suitable for ecological restoration. However, we have been working with seeds from Germany and Austria, where the seed production is regulated and certified. Whether other seed production systems perform equally well remains to be tested.

Limited Genetic Diversity and High Differentiation in Angelica Dahurica Resulted by Domestication: Insights to Breeding and Conservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Huang ◽  
Yinrong Liu ◽  
Jianling Chen ◽  
Zuyu Lu ◽  
Jiajia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Angelica Dahurica ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Resources Conservation

Abstract Background： Angelica dahurica, belonging to the Apiaceae family, whose dry root is a famous traditional Chinese medicine named as “Bai zhi”. There are two cultivars (A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi’ and A. dahurica cv. ‘Qibaizhi’), which have been domesticated for thousands of years. Long term artificial selection has led to great changes in root phenotypes of the two cultivars, and also decreased their adaptability to environment. We proposed hypothesis that the cultivars may lose some genetic diversity and highly differentiate from wild A. dahurica during the domestication process. However, few studies have been carried out on how domestication affects the genetic variation of this species. Here, we accessed the levels of genetic variation and differentiation within and between wild A. dahurica and its cultivars using 12 SSR markers. Results: The results revealed that the genetic diversity of the cultivars was much lower than that of wild A. dahurica, and A. dahurica cv. ‘Qibaizhi’ had lower genetic diversity compared to A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi’. AMOVA analysis showed significant genetic differentiation between the wild and cultivated A. dahurica, and between A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi’ and A. dahurica cv. ‘Qibaizhi’. The results of Bayesian, UPGMA, NJ and PcoA clustering analysis indicated that all 15 populations were assigned to two genetic clusters corresponding to the wild and cultivated resources. Bayesian clustering analysis further divided the cultivated resources into two sub-clusters corresponding to the two cultivars. Conclusions：Our study suggests that domestication process is likely the major factor resulting in the loss of genetic diversity in cultivated A. dahurica and significant genetic differentiation from the wild resources due to founder effect and/or artificially directional selections. This large-scale analysis of population genetics could provide valuable information for genetic resources conservation and breeding programs of Angelica dahurica.

Molecular Evidence for Kin Groups in the Absence of Large-Scale Genetic Differentiation in a Migratory Bird

Evolution ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 924 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Friesen ◽  
W. A. Montevecchi ◽  
A. J. Gaston ◽  
R. T. Barrett ◽  
W. S. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Molecular Evidence
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