scholarly journals Expression, Functional Characterization, and Solid-State NMR Investigation of the G Protein-Coupled GHS Receptor in Bilayer Membranes

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Schrottke ◽  
Anette Kaiser ◽  
Gerrit Vortmeier ◽  
Sylvia Els-Heindl ◽  
Dennis Worm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Bilayer Membranes ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Ghs Receptor

G-protein-coupled receptor structure, ligand binding and activation as studied by solid-state NMR spectroscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 450 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Ding ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Anthony Watts
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
G Protein Coupled

GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are versatile signalling molecules at the cell surface and make up the largest and most diverse family of membrane receptors in the human genome. They convert a large variety of extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses through the activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins, which make them key regulatory elements in a broad range of normal and pathological processes, and are therefore one of the most important targets for pharmaceutical drug discovery. Knowledge of a GPCR structure enables us to gain a mechanistic insight into its function and dynamics, and further aid rational drug design. Despite intensive research carried out over the last three decades, resolving the structural basis of GPCR function is still a major activity. The crystal structures obtained in the last 5 years provide the first opportunity to understand how protein structure dictates the unique functional properties of these complex signalling molecules. However, owing to the intrinsic hydrophobicity, flexibility and instability of membrane proteins, it is still a challenge to crystallize GPCRs, and, when this is possible, it is no longer in its native membrane environment and no longer without modification. Furthermore, the conformational change of the transmembrane α-helices associated with the structure activation increases the difficulty of capturing the activation state of a GPCR to a higher resolution by X-ray crystallography. On the other hand, solid-state NMR may offer a unique opportunity to study membrane protein structure, ligand binding and activation at atomic resolution in the native membrane environment, as well as described functionally significant dynamics. In the present review, we discuss some recent achievements of solid-state NMR for understanding GPCRs, the largest mammalian proteome at ~1% of the total expressed proteins. Structural information, details of determination, details of ligand conformations and the consequences of ligand binding to initiate activation can all be explored with solid-state NMR.

scholarly journals The dynamics of the G protein-coupled neuropeptide Y2 receptor in monounsaturated membranes investigated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 347-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Thomas ◽  
Julian Kahr ◽  
Peter Schmidt ◽  
Ulrike Krug ◽  
Holger A. Scheidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Solid State Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Y2 Receptor ◽  
G Protein Coupled
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