scholarly journals Erratum: Corrigendum: Direct coupling: a possible strategy to control fruit production in alternate bearing

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awadhesh Prasad ◽  
Kenshi Sakai ◽  
Yoshinobu Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Direct Coupling ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Control Fruit

scholarly journals Direct coupling: a possible strategy to control fruit production in alternate bearing

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awadhesh Prasad ◽  
Kenshi Sakai ◽  
Yoshinobu Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Direct Coupling ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Tent Map ◽  
Coupled Nonlinear Oscillators ◽  
Resource Budget Model ◽  
Field Experimentation ◽  
The Given

Abstract We investigated the theoretical possibility of applying phenomenon of synchronization of coupled nonlinear oscillators to control alternate bearing in citrus. The alternate bearing of fruit crops is a phenomenon in which a year of heavy yield is followed by an extremely light one. This phenomenon has been modeled previously by the resource budget model, which describes a typical nonlinear oscillator of the tent map type. We have demonstrated how direct coupling, which could be practically realized through grafting, contributes to the nonlinear dynamics of alternate bearing, especially phase synchronization. Our results show enhancement of out-of-phase synchronization in production, which depends on initial conditions obtained under the given system parameters. Based on these numerical experiments, we propose a new method to control alternate bearing, say in citrus, thereby enabling stable fruit production. The feasibility of validating the current results through field experimentation is also discussed.

scholarly journals Octabor (boron) as a Low Toxicity Control Tactic for the Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Troy Cloutier ◽  
Francis Andrew Drummond ◽  
Judith Collins
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Sugar Addition ◽  
Wild Blueberry

The recently introduced spotted wing drosophila is one of the most serious pests in small fruit production in the United States and Europe. Most control relies upon multiple applications of synthetic insecticides. In an effort to find less-toxic insecticides to consumers, farm workers, and wildlife, we conducted two laboratory trials and a semi-field trial in order to assess the potential for disodium octaborate tetrahydrateformulated and sold as Octabor®(U.S. Borax, Inc.) as a control for spotted wing drosophila in wild blueberry. We found that Octabor at 0.6 and 1.0% (w/v) applied to wild blueberry fruit resulted in higher mortality of flies than non-treated control fruit. Addition of sugar to Octabor enhanced mortality in one of the two trials, with an interaction between sugar addition and Octabor rate suggesting that the addition of sugar provided the greatest enhancement at the low rate. Our semi-field study showed that an apparent repellency effect of Octabor provided protection of fruit from infestation for up to 3 days. Also in the semi-field study, we observed a delayed effect on fly mortality. Increased fly mortality occurred over time, relative to the non-treated control fruit. The greatest fly mortality, relative to the non-treated control, resulted from flies being exposed to fruit treated 3 and 7 days prior to fly exposure, but not immediately after the treatment of Octabor. We speculate on why this type of delay in mortality might have occurred.    

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Boost up for Fruit Production: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 019-031
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Shoot Bud

Paclobutrazol (PBZ), a triazole derivative, has been effectively used to induce and manipulate 􀏐flowering, fruiting, and tree vigor in several perennial fruit crops. Soil application of paclobutrazol has been ef􀏐efficacious in promoting 􀏐lowering and increasing yield in many fruit crops. However, there are some con􀏐licting reports on its impact on fruit quality parameters. Besides reducing gibberellins level, PBZ increases cytokinin contents, root activity and C: N ratio, whereas its in􀏐luence on nutrient uptake lacks consistency. The ability of the crops to produce fruits throughout the year is of great interest in recent years. Usually, it is applied as a soil application in the month of September-November in the case of mango. It inhibits gibberellins biosynthesis at the kaurene stage and has proved to be a reduction of vegetative growth, promising for 􀏐lower initiation in shoot bud, giving early and profuse 􀏐lowering, increases fruit yield and improving quality regularly in alternate bearing cultivars. The main aim of this review is to focus upon contemporary information about paclobutrazol in fruit production. The persistence of culture in orchard soil for a long time and its half-life varies with soil type and climatic conditions, which may severely affect the development of subsequent crops and moved rapidly between the shoot tips and basal nodes both in the acropetal and basipetal directions and persisted for several months. The potential of PBZ to contaminate groundwater at optimum concentrations is low however the risk of its exposure to aquatic life is high. PBZ is considered moderately hazardous for human beings with remote chance of being genotoxic and carcinogenic. In view of the above, optimized use of the PBZ to derive maximum bene􀏐it with the least undesirable impact on food and environmental safety aspects are suggested.

scholarly journals Variation in Flower Bud Differentiation and Progression of Floral Organs with Respect to Crop Load in Olive

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cevriye MERT ◽  
Erdoğan BARUT ◽  
Ahmet İPEK
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Olive Cultivar ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Bud Induction ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation

The differentiation of olive floral buds during winter is strictly correlated with flowering in the spring and ultimately with fruit production in autumn and the determination of the time of flower bud induction is important for determining the possible causes of alternate bearing and for improving management practices to correct alternate bearing. The aim of this research was to study the time of flower bud differentiation and developmental steps in the ‘Gemlik’ olive cultivar in 2008 (off year) and 2009 (on year). The sequence of initiation of the floral organs in each flower bud was sepals, stamens, petals, and gynoecium. There was no visible difference between the time of differentiation and the developmental stage of the floral organs with respect to the ‘on’ and ‘off’ years during the study.

scholarly journals The First Report on Alternate Bearing of Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.): Change in Total Carbohydrate and Phenolic Contents

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Mehdi Khayyat ◽  
Zeinab Arefnezhad ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Sayyari Zahan ◽  
Gholamreza Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Berberis Vulgaris ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Abstract Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) fruit is an important source of anthocyanins and is used for consumption and in medicine. However, fruit production of barberry is not regular. Two experiments in four locations were conducted on this plant to explore if it is alternate bearer and also to investigate carbohydrates and phenolics contents in leaves and shoots during growth season. Evaluation of barberry shrubs in three different location showed strong alternate bearing. The value of leaf number to berry number ratio was small. A correlation was found between tree age and alternate bearing index (ABI), because elder shrubs exhibited more ABI. Total carbohydrates and phenolics contents in vegetative organs showed an increase during the fruit setting stage, except for the carbohydrates in shoots. The highest value of carbohydrates was observed 10 days after leaf appearance and then decrease. ON bearing shrubs showed the highest value of total carbohydrates content in leaves during fruit setting stage, after which it decreased. However, OFF bearing shrubs indicated a reducing trend in this variable. In both bearing statuses (ON and OFF trees), total carbohydrates decreased with season progression. It is concluded that this plant is strongly alternate bearer and this characteristic may be related to carbohydrates and phenolics changes in leaf and shoot organs.

scholarly journals Yield, fruit quality, and survival of 'Pêra' sweet orange on eight rootstocks in tropical cohesive soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio Wilson Lemos de Carvalho ◽  
Luciana Marques de Carvalho ◽  
Adenir Vieira Teodoro ◽  
Inácio de Barros ◽  
Eduardo Augusto Girardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Tree Survival

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the influence of eight rootstocks on the yield, fruit quality, and survival of 'Pêra CNPMF D6' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees grown under rainfed conditions in a cohesive soil of the Brazilian Northeast. In 2014-2018, the yield, fruits, and survival of trees planted in 1997 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Yield was assessed using annual fruit production, yield efficiency, and the alternate bearing index. Tree survival was considered the percentage of plants that remained alive until 2018. Fruit quality was evaluated by physicochemical attributes. 'Cravo' confirmed its good yield performance. Despite the lower number of trees, the 'Mazoe' rough lemon rootstock induced the highest fruit yield. The 'Cravo' x 'Cleópatra' hybrid and 'Volkameriano' lemon favored the highest trees survival, whereas 'Indio' citrandarin and 'Cravo' lime resulted in intermediate levels. The 'San Diego' and 'Riverside' citrandarins induced shorter tree with a high yield efficiency and a higher alternate bearing index, respectively. Fruits with less juice and mass were induced, respectively, by 'Riverside' citrandarin and 'Volkameriano' lemon. It can be concluded that the 'Mazoe' rootstock induces a higher fruit yield and 'Cravo' x 'Cleópatra' and 'Volkameriano', a greater survival. In addition, all rootstocks, except 'Riverside' and 'Volkameriano', induce fruit that meet the minimum quality requirements.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serenade Max to Control Fruit Rot of Grapes

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Thomidis ◽  
S. Pantazis ◽  
K. Konstantinoudis
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Production System ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Commercial Vineyard

<p>The effectiveness of the biopesticide Serenade Max to control fruit rot in grape was investigated. The experiments were conducted in commercial vineyard (cv Xinomavro Naousa). The results showed that this product was relatively effective to control fruit rots on grapes. No significant difference was observed between Serenade Max and Switch25/37.5 WG in both years of experiment. It was found that the fungus <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> commonly caused fruit rots (at a percentage of 96%) on the control grape fruits.<strong></strong></p><p>Generally, Serenade Max could be an alternative method against fruit rots of grape in biological fruit production system.</p>

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Phosphorous Fertilization on Yield and Alternate Bearing in Intensive Irrigated Olive Cultivation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1821
Author(s):  
Amnon Haberman ◽  
Arnon Dag ◽  
Ran Erel ◽  
Isaac Zipori ◽  
Nerya Shtern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Content ◽  
Olive Cultivation ◽  
Leaf P

Phosphorus (P) availability significantly impacts olive tree reproductive development and consequential fruit production. However, the importance of P fertilization in olive cultivation is not clear, and P application is usually recommended only after P deficiency is identified. In order to determine the long-term impacts of continuous P fertilization in intensive irrigated olive cultivation, the growth and production of trees in an intensive orchard with or without P fertilization were evaluated over six consecutive seasons. Withholding of P resulted in significant reduction in soil P quantity and availability. Under lower P availability, long-term fruit production was significantly impaired due to reduced flowering and fruit set. In addition, trees under conditions of low P were characterized by higher alternate bearing fluctuations. Olive tree vegetative growth was hardly affected by P fertilizer level. The impairment of tree productivity was evident in spite of the fact that leaf P content in the treatment without P fertilization did not decrease below commonly reported and accepted thresholds for P deficiency. This implies that the leaf P content sufficiency threshold for intensive olive orchards should be reconsidered. The results demonstrate the negative impact of insufficient P fertilization and signify the need for routine P fertilization in intensive olive cultivation.

scholarly journals Fruit Production Characteristics of ‘Pawnee’ Pecan

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-496
Author(s):  
Michael W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
Optimum Production ◽  
Production Characteristics

Yield and selected nut quality characteristics were monitored on hedge pruned ‘Pawnee’ pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch.] trees over a 5-year period to characterize optimum production defined as equal crops 2 successive years. Previous year yield was linearly or quadratically related to current-season yield in three of four instances. Optimum yield ranged from 18 kg/tree to 29 kg/tree among years. Weight/nut, weight/kernel, and percent kernel were negatively related to yield/tree. Weight/nut and weight/kernel were more closely related to yield/tree than percent kernel, indicating that as cropload increased, shell weight and kernel weight were disproportionately affected. Increasing croploads reduced kernel weight more than shell weight, thus reducing the correlation between percent kernel and yield. Twenty-seven percent of the trees in the study produced greater than average yields with a lower than average alternate bearing index.

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