scholarly journals High frequency stimulation induces sonic hedgehog release from hippocampal neurons

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Su ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Shengjie Feng ◽  
Shaorong Ma ◽  
Yizheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation

scholarly journals The Potassium Channel Subunit Kvβ1 is Required for Synaptic Facilitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
In Ha Cho ◽  
Lauren C. Panzera ◽  
Morven Chin ◽  
Scott A. Alpizar ◽  
Michael B. Hoppa
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Vesicle Fusion ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Synaptic Facilitation ◽  
Presynaptic Action ◽  
Channel Inactivation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation

AbstractAnalysis of the presynaptic action potential’s (APsyn) role in synaptic facilitation in hippocampal pyramidal neurons has been difficult due to size limitations of axons. We overcame these size barriers by combining high resolution optical recordings of membrane potential, exocytosis and Ca2+ in cultured hippocampal neurons. These recordings revealed a critical and selective role for Kv1 channel inactivation in synaptic facilitation of excitatory hippocampal neurons. Presynaptic Kv1 channel inactivation was mediated by the Kvβ1 subunit, and had a surprisingly rapid onset that was readily apparent even in brief physiological stimulation paradigms including paired-pulse stimulation. Genetic depletion of Kvβ1 blocked all broadening of the APsyn during high frequency stimulation and eliminated synaptic facilitation without altering the initial probability of vesicle release. Thus using all quantitative optical measurements of presynaptic physiology, we reveal a critical role for presynaptic Kv channels in synaptic facilitation at small presynaptic terminals of the hippocampal neurons upstream of exocytic machinery.SignificanceNerve terminals generally engage in two opposite and essential forms of synaptic plasticity (facilitation or depression) during high frequency stimulation that play critical roles in learning and memory. Measurements of the electrical impulses (action potentials) underlying these two forms of plasticity has been difficult in small nerve terminals due to their size. In this study we deployed a combination of optical measurements of vesicle fusion and membrane voltage to overcome this previous size barrier. Here, we found a unique molecular composition of Kv1 channel β-subunits that causes broadening of the presynaptic action essential to synaptic facilitation. Disruption of the Kvβ1 inactivation mechanism switches excitatory nerve terminals into a depressive state, without any disruption to initial probability of vesicle fusion.

High Frequency Vibration of Worst Ear Lobule induced short period of Rapid Inhibition of any Cancer Activity including Advanced Terminal Cancers, Most Malignant Brain Tumor "Glioblastoma" as well as Cancer of Lung, Breast & Gastrointestinal Cancers particularly Pancreatic Cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Omura
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cancer Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

While a visiting Professor at the University of Paris, VI (formerly Sorvonne) more than 40 years ago, the Author became very good friends with Dr. Paul Nogier who periodically gave seminars and workshops in Paris. After the author diagnosed his cervical problem & offered him simple help, Dr. Nogier asked the Author to present lectures and demonstrations on the effects of ear stimulation, namely the effects of acupuncture & electrical stimulation of the ear lobules. It is only now, in 2019 that we have discovered 2–5 minute high frequency stimulation of the ear lobule inhibits cancer activity for 1– 4 hours post stimulation. Although the procedure is extremely simple. First take optimal dose of Vitamin D3, which has the most essential 10 unique beneficial factors required for every human cell activity. Next, apply high frequency stimulation to ear lobule while the worst ear lobule is held by all fingers with vibrator directly touching the surface of the worst ear lobule, preferably after patient repeatedly takes optimal dose of Vitamin D3. When the worst ear lobule is held between thumb & index fingers and applying mechanical stimulation of 250 ~ 500 mechanical vibration/second for 2 ~ 5 minutes using an electrical vibrator, there is rapid disappearance of cancer activity in both the brain and rest of the body for short time duration 1 ~ 4 hours. The effect often increases by additional pressure by holding fingers. As of May 2019, the Author found that many people from various regions of the world developed early stages of multiple cancers. For evaluation of this study, U. S. patented Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (BDORT) was used which was developed by the Author while doing his Graduate experimental physics research at Colombia University. BDORT was found to be most essential for determining the beneficial effects as well as harmful effects of any substance or treatment. Using BDORT, Author was the first to recognize severe increasing mid-backache was an early sign of pancreatic cancer of President of New York State Board of Medicine after top pain specialists failed to detect the cause after 3 years of effort, while the BDORT showed early stages of cancer whereas conventional X-Ray of the pancreas did not show any cancer image until 2 months after Author detected with BDORT. For example, the optimal dose of the banana is usually about 2.0 - 2.5 millimeters cross section of the banana. A whole banana is more than 50 ~ 100 times the optimal dose. Any substance eaten in more than 25 times of its optimal dose becomes highly toxic and creates DNA mutations which can cause multiple malignancies in the presence of strong electro-magnetic field. With standard medication given by doctor, patients often become sick and they are unable to reduce body weight, unless medication is reduced or completely stopped. When the amount of zinc is very high, DNA often becomes unstable and multiple cancers can grow rapidly in the presence of strong electromagnetic field. Large amount of Vitamin C from regular orange or orange juice inhibit the most important Vitamin D3 effects. At least 3 kinds of low Vitamin C oranges will not inhibit Vitamin D3. Since B12 particularly methyl cobalamin which is a red small tablet is known to improve brain circulation very significantly we examined its effect within 20 seconds of oral intake we found the following very significant changes. Acetylcholine in both sides of the brain often increases over 4,500 ng. Longevity gene Sirtuin 1 level increases significantly for short time of few hours. Thymosin α1 and Thymosinβ4 both increase to over 1500 ng from 20 ng or less.

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