scholarly journals Low-dose penicillin exposure in early life decreases Th17 and the susceptibility to DSS colitis in mice through gut microbiota modification

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Jin ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Chenwen Cai ◽  
Dongjuan Song ◽  
Jun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dss Colitis

scholarly journals IgA dysfunction induced by the early-lifetime disruption of gut microbiota aggravates diet–induced metabolic syndrome in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jielong Guo ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
Yilin You ◽  
Weidong Huang ◽  
Zhan Jicheng
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Iga Response ◽  
Intestinal Iga

Abstract BackgroundLow-dose antibiotic contamination in animal food is still a severe food safety problem worldwide. Penicillin is one of the main classes of antibiotics being detected in food. Previous studies have shown that transient exposure of low-dose penicillin (LDP) during early life resulted in metabolic syndrome (MetS) in mice. However, the underlying mechanism(s) and efficient approaches to counteracting this are largely unknown.MethodsWild-type (WT) or secretory IgA (SIgA)-deficient (Pigr-/-) C57BL/6 mice were exposed to LDP or not from several days before birth to 30 d of age. Five times of FMT or probiotics (a mixture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and L. rhamnosus GG) treatments were applied to parts of these LDP-treated mice from 12 d to 28 d of life. Bacterial composition from different regions (mucosa and lumen) of the colon and ileum were analyzed through 16S rDNA sequencing. Intestinal IgA response was analyzed. Multiple parameters related to MetS were also determined. In addition, germ-free animals and in vitro tissue culture were also used to determine the correlations between LDP, gut microbiota (GM) and intestinal IgA response.ResultsLDP disturbed the intestinal bacterial composition, especially for ileal mucosa, the main inductive and effective sites of IgA response, in 30-d-old mice. The alteration of early GM resulted in a persistent inhibition of the intestinal IgA response, leading to a constant reduction of fecal and caecal SIgA levels throughout the 25-week experiment, which is early life-dependent, as transfer of LDP-GM to 30 d germ-free mice only resulted in a transient reduction in fecal SIgA. LDP-induced reduction in SIgA led to a decrease in IgA+ bacteria and a dysbiosis in the ileal mucosal samples of 25 week wild-type but not Pigr-/- mice. Moreover, LDP also resulted in increases in ileal bacterial encroachment and adipose inflammation, along with an enhancement of diet-induced MetS in an intestinal SIgA-dependent manner. Furthermore, several times of FMT or probiotic treatments during LDP treatment are efficient to fully (for FMT) or partially (for probiotics) counteract the LDP-effect on both GM and metabolism.ConclusionsEarly-life LDP-induced enhancement of diet-induced MetS is mediated by intestinal SIgA, which could be (partially) restored by FMT or probiotics treatment.

scholarly journals Dietary Exposure to Antibiotic Residues Facilitates Metabolic Disorder by Altering the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rou-An Chen ◽  
Wei-Kai Wu ◽  
Suraphan Panyod ◽  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Hsiao-Li Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract: Antibiotics used as growth promoters in livestock and animal husbandry can be detected in animal-derived food. Epidemiological studies have implicated that exposure to these antibiotic residues in food may be associated to childhood obesity. Herein, the effect of exposure to residual dose of tylosin, an antibiotic growth promoter, on host metabolism and gut microbiota was explored in vivo. Theoretical maximal daily intake (TMDI) doses of tylosin were found to facilitate high-fat diet-induced obesity, induce insulin resistance, and perturb the composition of gut microbiota in mice. The obesity-related phenotypes were transferrable to germ-free recipient mice, indicating that the effects of TMDI dose of tylosin on obesity and insulin resistance occurred mainly via alteration of the gut microbiota. Tylosin TMDI exposure restricted to early life, which is the critical period of gut microbiota development, altered the abundance of specific bacteria related to host metabolic homeostasis later in life. Moreover, early-life exposure to tylosin TMDI was sufficient to modify the ratio of primary to secondary bile acids, thereby inducing lasting metabolic consequences via the downstream FGF15 signaling pathway. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that exposure to very low dose of antibiotic residues, whether continuously or in early life, can exert long-lasting effects on host metabolism by altering gut microbiota and its metabolites. Importance: Evidence has indicated that chronic exposure to antibiotic residues in food could contribute to obesity. However, few studies have investigated the effect of chronic exposure to very low-dose antibiotic residue in food (~1000-fold lower than the therapeutic dose) on gut microbiota and host metabolism. Our study demonstrates that even with limited exposure in early life, a residual dose of tylosin causes lasting metabolic disturbances through altering gut microbiota and its metabolites. Our findings reveal that the gut microbiota is susceptible to previously ignored environmental factors. Keywords: bile acid metabolism; dietary exposure; early life; food safety; gut microbiota; low-dose antibiotic; metabolic disorder; obesity

scholarly journals Low-dose penicillin in early life induces long-term changes in murine gut microbiota, brain cytokines and behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Leclercq ◽  
Firoz M. Mian ◽  
Andrew M. Stanisz ◽  
Laure B. Bindels ◽  
Emmanuel Cambier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Perinatal exposure to tetracycline contributes to lasting developmental effects on offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Hill ◽  
Christopher D. Howard ◽  
Tracy L. Bale ◽  
Eldin Jašarević
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
Specific Manner

Abstract Background For more than 30 years, the tetracycline on/off system of inducible gene expression has been leveraged to study disease mechanisms across many research areas, especially that of metabolism and neuroscience. This system requires acute or chronic exposure to tetracycline derivatives, such as doxycycline, to manipulate gene expression in a temporal and tissue-specific manner, with exposure often being restricted to gestational and early developmental windows. Despite evidence showing that early life antibiotic exposure has adverse effects on gut microbiota, metabolism, physiology, immunity and behavior, little is known regarding the lasting impact of doxycycline treatment on relevant outcomes in experimental offspring. Results To examine the hypothesis that early life doxycycline exposure produces effects on offspring growth, behavior, and gut microbiota, we employed the most commonly used method for tetracycline on/off system by administering a low dose of doxycycline (0.5 mg/ml) in the drinking water to C57Bl/6J and C57BL/6J:129S1/SvImJ dams from embryonic day 15.5 to postnatal day 28. Developmental exposure to low dose doxycycline resulted in significant alterations to growth trajectories and body weight in both strains, which persisted beyond cessation of doxycycline exposure. Developmental doxycycline exposure influenced offspring bacterial community assembly in a temporal and sex-specific manner. Further, gut microbiota composition failed to recover by adulthood, suggesting a lasting imprint of developmental antibiotic exposure. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that early life doxycycline exposure shifts the homeostatic baseline of prior exposed animals that may subsequently impact responses to experimental manipulations. These results highlight the gut microbiota as an important factor to consider in systems requiring methods of chronic antibiotic administration during pregnancy and critical periods of postnatal development.

scholarly journals Dietary Exposure to Antibiotic Residues Facilitates Metabolic Disorder by Altering the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rou-An Chen ◽  
Wei-Kai Wu ◽  
Suraphan Panyod ◽  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Hsiao-Li Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract Low dose antibiotic residues in food potentially contribute to obesity and metabolic dysfunction. However, the effect of chronic exposure to very low-dose antibiotic residue (~1000-fold lower than the therapeutic dose) on gut microbiota and host metabolism is poorly understood. Herein the effect of exposure to a residual dose of tylosin—an antibiotic growth promoter—on host metabolism and gut microbiota is explored in a mouse model. Theoretical maximal daily intake (TMDI) dose of tylosin facilitates high-fat diet-induced obesity, induces insulin resistance, and perturbs gut microbiota composition. Moreover, obesity-related phenotypes are transferrable to germ-free recipient mice following fecal microbiota transplantation. Tylosin TMDI exposure restricted to early life is sufficient to induce metabolic complications, alter the abundance of specific bacteria related to host metabolic homeostasis later in life, and modify the composition of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids. Finally, tylosin TMDI exposure induces lasting metabolic consequences via elevating the ratio of primary to secondary bile acids and its downstream FGF15 signaling pathway. Hence, exposure to very low doses of antibiotic residues, whether continuously or in early life, can exert long-lasting effects on host metabolism by altering gut microbiota and their metabolites.

scholarly journals Adaptive response to a future life challenge: consequences of early-life environmental complexity in dual-purpose chicks

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yan ◽  
Kate Hartcher ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Jinlong Xiao ◽  
Hai Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Life Challenge ◽  
Environmental Challenge

Abstract Conditions in early life play profound and long-lasting effects on the welfare and adaptability to stress of chickens. This study aimed to explore the hypothesis that the provision of environmental complexity in early life improves birds’ adaptive plasticity and ability to cope with a challenge later in life. It also tried to investigate the effect of the gut-brain axis by measuring behavior, stress hormone, gene expression, and gut microbiota. One-day-old chicks were split into 3 groups: (1) a barren environment (without enrichment items) group (BG, n = 40), (2) a litter materials group (LG, n = 40), and (3) a perches with litter materials group (PLG, n = 40). Then, enrichment items were removed and simulated as an environmental challenge at 31 to 53 d of age. Birds were subjected to a predator test at 42 d of age. In the environmental challenge, when compared with LG, PLG birds were characterized by decreased fearfulness, lower plasma corticosterone, improved gut microbial functions, lower relative mRNA expression of GR, and elevated mRNA expressions of stress-related genes CRH, BDNF, and NR2A in the hypothalamus (all P < 0.05). Unexpectedly, the opposite was true for the LG birds when compared with the BG (P < 0.05). Decreased plasma corticosterone and fearfulness were accompanied by altered hypothalamic gene mRNA expressions of BDNF, NR2A, GR, and CRH through the HPA axis in response to altered gut microbial compositions and functions. The findings suggest that gut microbiota may integrate fearfulness, plasma corticosterone, and gene expression in the hypothalamus to provide an insight into the gut-brain axis in chicks. In conclusion, having access to both perches and litter materials in early life allowed birds to cope better with a future challenge. Birds in perches and litter materials environment may have optimal development and adaptive plasticity through the gut-brain axis.

scholarly journals Glycerol Monocaprylate Modulates Gut Microbiota and Increases Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production without Adverse Effects on Metabolism and Inflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Junhui Zhang ◽  
Fengqin Feng ◽  
Minjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Glycerol monocaprylate (GMC) is a glycerol derivative of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and is widely used as a preservative in food processing. However, GMC and its hydrolytic acid (octylic acid) have antibacterial properties that may affect the physiology and intestinal microecology of the human body. Therefore, in this study, the effects of two different dosages of GMC (150 and 1600 mg kg−1) on glucose, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal microecology of normal diet-fed C57BL/6 mice were comprehensively investigated. The obtained results showed that the level of triglycerides (TGs) in the low-dose group down-regulated significantly, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) significantly increased, while the pro-inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) in the high-dose group were significantly decreased. Importantly, GMC promoted the α-diversity of gut microbiota in normal-diet-fed mice, regardless of dosages. Additionally, it was found that the low-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, while the high-dose treatment of GMC significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producers such as Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcus. Moreover, the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was significantly increased by GMC supplementation. Thus, our research provides a novel insight into the effects of GMC on gut microbiota and physiological characteristics.

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