scholarly journals Identification of an unconventional process of instrumental learning characteristically initiated with outcome devaluation-insensitivity and generalized action selection

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Iguchi ◽  
Ziqiao Lin ◽  
Hiromi Nishikawa ◽  
Yoshio Minabe ◽  
Shigenobu Toda
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Outcome Devaluation

scholarly journals Balancing Between Goal-Directed and Habitual Responding Following Acute Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Bart Hartogsveld ◽  
Peter van Ruitenbeek ◽  
Conny W. E. M. Quaedflieg ◽  
Tom Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Reward Contingency ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Habitual Responding ◽  
Pressure Stress ◽  
Outcome Devaluation

Abstract. Instrumental learning is regulated by two memory systems: a relatively rigid but efficient habit system and a flexible but resource-demanding goal-directed system. Previous work has demonstrated that exposure to acute stress may shift the balance between these systems toward the habitual system. In the current study, we used a 2-day outcome devaluation paradigm with a 75% reward contingency rate and altered food reward categories to replicate and extend our previous findings. Participants learned neutral stimulus–response–reward associations on the first day. On the second day, rewards were devalued by eating to satiety. Subsequently, acute stress was induced in half of the participants using the Maastricht Acute Stress Test, while the other half engaged in a nonstressful control task. Finally, relative goal-directed versus habitual behavior was evaluated in a slips-of-action phase, where more slips-of-action indicate a shift toward the habitual system. Results showed that participants successfully acquired the stimulus–response–reward associations, that devaluation was effective, and that stressed participants displayed significant increases in cortisol and blood pressure. Stress led participants to commit more slips-of-action compared with nonstressed controls. The current study extends previous work, showing that the employed paradigm and outcome devaluation procedure are boundary conditions to the stress-induced shift in instrumental responding.

scholarly journals Chemogenetic inhibition in the dorsal striatum reveals regional specificity of direct and indirect pathway control of action sequencing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Garr ◽  
Andrew R. Delamater
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Training Sequence ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Action Sequence ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Action Sequencing ◽  
Sequence Performance ◽  
Outcome Devaluation

AbstractAnimals engage in intricate action sequences that are constructed during instrumental learning. There is broad consensus that the basal ganglia play a crucial role in the formation and fluid performance of action sequences. To investigate the role of the basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways in action sequencing, we virally expressed Cre-dependent Gi-DREADDs in either the dorsomedial (DMS) or dorsolateral (DLS) striatum during and/or after action sequence learning in D1 and D2 Cre rats. Action sequence performance in D1 Cre rats was slowed down early in training when DREADDs were activated in the DMS, but sped up when activated in the DLS. Acquisition of the reinforced sequence was hindered when DREADDs were activated in the DLS of D2 Cre rats. Outcome devaluation tests conducted after training revealed that the goal-directed control of action sequence rates was immune to chemogenetic inhibition—rats suppressed the rate of sequence performance when rewards were devalued. Sequence initiation latencies were generally sensitive to outcome devaluation, except in the case where DREADD activation was removed in D2 Cre rats that previously experienced DREADD activation in the DMS during training. Sequence completion latencies were generally not sensitive to outcome devaluation, except in the case where D1 Cre rats experienced DREADD activation in the DMS during training and test. Collectively, these results suggest that the indirect pathway originating from the DLS is part of a circuit involved in the effective reinforcement of action sequences, while the direct and indirect pathways originating from the DMS contribute to the goal-directed control of sequence completion and initiation, respectively.

Appetitive instrumental learning in the amphibian Bufo arenarum

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben N. Muzio ◽  
Enrique T. Segura ◽  
Mauricio R. Papini
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Bufo Arenarum

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan SNMPTN Jalur Undangan Dengan Metode Electre

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Lidia K Simanjuntak ◽  
Tessa Y M Sihite ◽  
Mesran Mesran ◽  
Nuning Kurniasih ◽  
Yuhandri Yuhandri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
College Entrance ◽  
Electre Method ◽  
Selection Of

All colleges each year organize the selection of new admissions. Acceptance of prospective students in universities as education providers is done by selecting prospective students based on achievement in school and college entrance selection. To select the best student candidates based on predetermined criteria, then use Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) or commonly called decision support system. One method in MCDM is the Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la Reality (ELECTRE). The ELECTRE method is the best method of action selection. The ELECTRE method to obtain the best alternative by eliminating alternative that do not fit the criteria and can be applied to the decision SNMPTN invitation path.

scholarly journals GOALIATH: a theory of goal-directed behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Hommel
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Action Control ◽  
Event File ◽  
Impact Action ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

AbstractCommonsense and theorizing about action control agree in assuming that human behavior is (mainly) driven by goals, but no mechanistic theory of what goals are, where they come from, and how they impact action selection is available. Here I develop such a theory that is based on the assumption that GOALs guide Intentional Actions THrough criteria (GOALIATH). The theory is intended to be minimalist and parsimonious with respect to its assumptions, as transparent and mechanistic as possible, and it is based on representational assumptions provided by the Theory of Event Coding (TEC). It holds that goal-directed behavior is guided by selection criteria that activate and create competition between event files that contain action-effect codes matching one or more of the criteria—a competition that eventually settles into a solution favoring the best-matching event file. The criteria are associated with various sources, including biological drives, acquired needs (e.g., of achievement, power, or affiliation), and short-term, sometimes arbitrary, instructed aims. Action selection is, thus, a compromise that tries to satisfy various criteria related to different driving forces, which are also likely to vary in strength over time. Hence, what looks like goal-directed action emerges from, and represents an attempt to satisfy multiple constraints with different origins, purposes, operational characteristics, and timescales—which among other things does not guarantee a high degree of coherence or rationality of the eventual outcome. GOALIATH calls for a radical break with conventional theorizing about the control of goal-directed behavior, as it among other things questions existing cognitive-control theories and dual-route models of action control.

scholarly journals Systematic Review: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Instrumental Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. An-Katrien Hulsbosch ◽  
Dr. Hasse De Meyer ◽  
Prof. Dr. Tom Beckers ◽  
Prof. Dr. Marina Danckaerts ◽  
Dr. Dagmar Van Liefferinge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Constrained action selection in children with developmental coordination disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Pettit ◽  
Jennifer Charles ◽  
Andrew D. Wilson ◽  
Mandy S. Plumb ◽  
Anne Brockman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Coordination Disorder
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document