scholarly journals Differential cytotoxic effects of graphene and graphene oxide on skin keratinocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pelin ◽  
Laura Fusco ◽  
Verónica León ◽  
Cristina Martín ◽  
Alejandro Criado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Skin Toxicity ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Plasma Membrane Damage ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Impressive properties make graphene-based materials (GBMs) promising tools for nanoelectronics and biomedicine. However, safety concerns need to be cleared before mass production of GBMs starts. As skin, together with lungs, displays the highest exposure to GBMs, it is of fundamental importance to understand what happens when GBMs get in contact with skin cells. The present study was carried out on HaCaT keratinocytes, an in vitro model of skin toxicity, on which the effects of four GBMs were evaluated: a few layer graphene, prepared by ball-milling treatment (FLG), and three samples of graphene oxide (GOs, a research-grade GO1, and two commercial GOs, GO2 and GO3). Even though no significant effects were observed after 24 h, after 72 h the less oxidized compound (FLG) was the less cytotoxic, inducing mitochondrial and plasma-membrane damages with EC50s of 62.8 μg/mL (WST-8 assay) and 45.5 μg/mL (propidium iodide uptake), respectively. By contrast, the largest and most oxidized compound, GO3, was the most cytotoxic, inducing mitochondrial and plasma-membrane damages with EC50s of 5.4 and 2.9 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that only high concentrations and long exposure times to FLG and GOs could impair mitochondrial activity associated with plasma membrane damage, suggesting low cytotoxic effects at the skin level.

The Role of Biomembranes in Chromium (III)-induced Toxicity In Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Rudolf ◽  
Miroslav Červinka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Plasma Membrane Damage ◽  
Chromium Acetate

The role of biomembranes in the chronic toxicity of environmentally occurring chromium acetate hydroxide was investigated by using primary human fibroblasts. Transport of chromium acetate hydroxide across the plasma membrane of the cell, and the effects of chromium (III) ions on the plasma membrane as well as other intracellular membranes, were determined during six weeks of continuous exposure by using atomic absorption spectrometry, observation of cell morphology, membrane integrity assays (for lactate dehydrogenase leakage and lysosomal membrane disruption), and mitochondrial assays (for mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential analysis). The type of cell death induced by long-term exposure was determined in terms of phosphatidylserine externalisation, caspase-3 activation, and chromatin fragmentation. Chromium acetate hydroxide, at a concentration of 100μmol/l, accumulated in exposed cells, inflicting plasma membrane damage and suppressing mitochondrial function. Antioxidant co-enzyme Q, at a concentration of 10μmol/l, partially prevented plasma membrane damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exposure to chromium acetate hydroxide produced apoptosis, necrosis and an intermediate type of cell death in primary human fibroblasts. These results show that the plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane are important targets for chronic chromium acetate hydroxide toxicity, and that this in vitro system holds promise for studying the toxicity resulting from long-term exposure to metal ions.

scholarly journals A cryo–electron tomography workflow reveals protrusion-mediated shedding on injured plasma membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. eabc6345
Author(s):  
Shrawan Kumar Mageswaran ◽  
Wei Yuan Yang ◽  
Yogaditya Chakrabarty ◽  
Catherine M. Oikonomou ◽  
Grant J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Endosomal Sorting ◽  
Plasma Membrane Damage ◽  
Cryo Electron Tomography ◽  
Vacuolar Protein

Cryo–electron tomography (cryo-ET) provides structural context to molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes. Although straightforward to implement for studying stable macromolecular complexes, using it to locate short-lived structures and events can be impractical. A combination of live-cell microscopy, correlative light and electron microscopy, and cryo-ET will alleviate this issue. We developed a workflow combining the three to study the ubiquitous and dynamic process of shedding in response to plasma membrane damage in HeLa cells. We found filopodia-like protrusions enriched at damage sites and acting as scaffolds for shedding, which involves F-actin dynamics, myosin-1a, and vacuolar protein sorting 4B (a component of the ‘endosomal sorting complex required for transport’ machinery). Overall, shedding is more complex than current models of vesiculation from flat membranes. Its similarities to constitutive shedding in enterocytes argue for a conserved mechanism. Our workflow can also be adapted to study other damage response pathways and dynamic cellular events.

scholarly journals Plasma membrane integrity: implications for health and disease

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin A. Ammendolia ◽  
William M. Bement ◽  
John H. Brumell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Plasma Membrane Integrity ◽  
Plasma Membrane Damage ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Repair Pathways ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPlasma membrane integrity is essential for cellular homeostasis. In vivo, cells experience plasma membrane damage from a multitude of stressors in the extra- and intra-cellular environment. To avoid lethal consequences, cells are equipped with repair pathways to restore membrane integrity. Here, we assess plasma membrane damage and repair from a whole-body perspective. We highlight the role of tissue-specific stressors in health and disease and examine membrane repair pathways across diverse cell types. Furthermore, we outline the impact of genetic and environmental factors on plasma membrane integrity and how these contribute to disease pathogenesis in different tissues.

scholarly journals Plasma membrane damage caused by listeriolysin O is not repaired through endocytosis of the membrane pore

Biology Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. bio035287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Nygård Skalman ◽  
Mikkel R. Holst ◽  
Elin Larsson ◽  
Richard Lundmark
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Listeriolysin O ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Plasma Membrane Damage

scholarly journals Benzoyl Peroxide Increases UVA-Induced Plasma Membrane Damage and Lipid Oxidation in Murine Leukemia L1210 Cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally H. Ibbotson ◽  
Christopher R. Lambert ◽  
Michael N. Moran ◽  
Mary C. Lynch ◽  
Irene E. Kochevar
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Plasma Membrane Damage ◽  
L1210 Cells ◽  
Murine Leukemia

scholarly journals Plasma membrane damage causes NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai S. Beckwith ◽  
Marianne S. Beckwith ◽  
Sindre Ullmann ◽  
Ragnhild Sætra ◽  
Haelin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Plasma Membrane Damage ◽  
Cytosolic Side ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Mediated Contact ◽  
Spread Of Infection

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a major global health problem and causes extensive cytotoxicity in patient cells and tissues. Here we define an NLRP3, caspase-1 and gasdermin D-mediated pathway to pyroptosis in human monocytes following exposure to Mtb. We demonstrate an ESX-1 mediated, contact-induced plasma membrane (PM) damage response that occurs during phagocytosis or from the cytosolic side of the PM after phagosomal rupture in Mtb infected cells. This PM injury in turn causes K+ efflux and activation of NLRP3 dependent IL-1β release and pyroptosis, facilitating the spread of Mtb to neighbouring cells. Further we reveal a dynamic interplay of pyroptosis with ESCRT-mediated PM repair. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel mechanism for pyroptosis and spread of infection acting through dual PM disturbances both during and after phagocytosis. We also highlight dual PM damage as a common mechanism utilized by other NLRP3 activators that have previously been shown to act through lysosomal damage.Graphical abstract

Membrane outer leaflet is the primary regulator of membrane damage induced by silica nanoparticles in vesicles and erythrocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Nazemidashtarjandi ◽  
Amir M. Farnoud
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Toxicity ◽  
Outer Leaflet ◽  
Plasma Membrane Damage

Plasma membrane damage is one of the primary mechanisms through which engineered nanoparticles induce cell toxicity.

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