scholarly journals Characterization of the first double-stranded RNA bacteriophage infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Yang ◽  
Shuguang Lu ◽  
Wei Shen ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Mengyu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Dsrna Genome ◽  
Hospital Sewage

Abstract Bacteriophages (phages) are widely distributed in the biosphere and play a key role in modulating microbial ecology in the soil, ocean, and humans. Although the role of DNA bacteriophages is well described, the biology of RNA bacteriophages is poorly understood. More than 1900 phage genomes are currently deposited in NCBI, but only 6 dsRNA bacteriophages and 12 ssRNA bacteriophages genome sequences are reported. The 6 dsRNA bacteriophages were isolated from legume samples or lakes with Pseudomonas syringae as the host. Here, we report the first Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage phiYY with a three-segmented dsRNA genome. phiYY was isolated from hospital sewage in China with the clinical P. aeruginosa strain, PAO38, as a host. Moreover, the dsRNA phage phiYY has a broad host range, which infects 99 out of 233 clinical P. aeruginosa strains isolated from four provinces in China. This work presented a detailed characterization of the dsRNA bacteriophage infecting P. aeruginosa.

Acid-Sensing Ion Channels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gründer
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Excitatory Synapses ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Acid Sensing Ion Channels ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pathological Pain

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated Na+ channels. Being almost ubiquitously present in neurons of the vertebrate nervous system, their precise function remained obscure for a long time. Various animal toxins that bind to ASICs with high affinity and specificity have been tremendously helpful in uncovering the role of ASICs. We now know that they contribute to synaptic transmission at excitatory synapses as well as to sensing metabolic acidosis and nociception. Moreover, detailed characterization of mouse models uncovered an unanticipated role of ASICs in disorders of the nervous system like stroke, multiple sclerosis, and pathological pain. This review provides an overview on the expression, structure, and pharmacology of ASICs plus a summary of what is known and what is still unknown about their physiological functions and their roles in diseases.

scholarly journals USG and CT scan evaluation of patients of acute and chronic pancreatitis- a cross-sectional, comparative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aastha Bhatt ◽  
Awdhut Tiparse ◽  
Arpita Patel ◽  
Birwa Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Background: Pancreatitis is a condition of inflammation of pancreas with high rate of morbidity and mortality. USG provides the initial radiological assessment of the organ, clue of the extent of involvement and an opportunity to evaluate other abdominal organs. CT scan provides a cross-sectional anatomy of the organ, its internal structure, focal or diffuse involvement and involvement of adjacent structures. This study is done to evaluate the role of USG and CT scan in patients of pancreatitis admitted to Sir Takhtsinhji hospital, government medical college, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. Aim was to understand the role of CT and USG in determination of diagnosis of pancreatitis and to highlight and evaluate the cases in which USG failed to diagnose the cases which were helped through by CT.Methods: This study was done in department of radio diagnosis at Sir Takhtsinhji hospital, government medical college, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India, over a period of one year from June 2015 to June 2016. Each patient was studied taking into consideration relevant clinical and laboratory factors. USG of patients was done using My Lab 40 or My Lab 20 plus machine. CT scan was done using GE 16 Slice CT scan machine.Results: Ultrasound by non-invasiveness, lack of radiation hazard and by ability to demonstrate structural changes in organ is first investigation of choice in pancreatitis. However, USG fails imaging in conditions with excess of bowel gas or fatty patient. It lacks in detailed characterization of the inflammatory process and does not delineate extent of necrosis of the gland. CT is superior to ultrasound for precise detection of size, parenchyma, MPD, calcification, pseudocyst, ascites, pleural effusion, necrosis and peri pancreatic region and hence helps to determine exact extent of inflammation of the organ, multi-system involvement and prognosis.Conclusions: Ultrasound by non-invasiveness, easy availability, cost parameters, lack of radiation hazard and by ability to demonstrate structural changes in organ is first investigation of choice in pancreatitis. However, ultrasonography lacks in detailed characterization of the extent of involvement of the organ and adjacent structures. CT is superior to ultrasound for precise detection and extension of the pancreatitis and it has better sensitivity and specificity than ultrasonography. 

scholarly journals Activation and activity of glycosylated KLKs 3, 4 and 11

2018 ◽  
Vol 399 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Guo ◽  
Peter Briza ◽  
Viktor Magdolen ◽  
Hans Brandstetter ◽  
Peter Goettig
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Function ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Secretory Expression ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Schiff Reaction

Abstract Human kallikrein-related peptidases 3, 4, 11, and KLK2, the activator of KLK3/PSA, belong to the prostatic group of the KLKs, whose major physiological function is semen liquefaction during the fertilization process. Notably, these KLKs are upregulated in prostate cancer and are used as clinical biomarkers or have been proposed as therapeutic targets. However, this potential awaits a detailed characterization of these proteases. In order to study glycosylated prostatic KLKs resembling the natural proteases, we used Leishmania (LEXSY) and HEK293 cells for secretory expression. Both systems allowed the subsequent purification of soluble pro-KLK zymogens with correct propeptides and of the mature forms. Periodic acid-Schiff reaction, enzymatic deglycosylation assays, and mass spectrometry confirmed the glycosylation of these KLKs. Activation of glycosylated pro-KLKs 4 and 11 turned out to be most efficient by glycosylated KLK2 and KLK4, respectively. By comparing the glycosylated prostatic KLKs with their non-glycosylated counterparts from Escherichia coli, it was observed that the N-glycans stabilize the KLK proteases and change their activation profiles and their enzymatic activity to some extent. The functional role of glycosylation in prostate-specific KLKs could pave the way to a deeper understanding of their biology and to medical applications.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Well-Defined Series of Coronatine Biosynthetic Mutants of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Brooks ◽  
Gustavo Hernández-Guzmán ◽  
Andrew P. Kloek ◽  
Francisco Alarcón-Chaidez ◽  
Aswathy Sreedharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Coronafacic Acid ◽  
Tn5 Mutants ◽  
Cor Genes ◽  
Identification And Characterization

To identify Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato genes involved in pathogenesis, we carried out a screen for Tn5 mutants of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 with reduced virulence on Arabidopsis thaliana. Several mutants defining both known and novel virulence loci were identified. Six mutants contained insertions in biosynthetic genes for the phytotoxin coronatine (COR). The P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 COR genes are chromosomally encoded and are arranged in two separate clusters, which encode enzymes responsible for the synthesis of coronafacic acid (CFA) or coronamic acid (CMA), the two defined intermediates in COR biosynthesis. High-performance liquid chromatography fractionation and exogenous feeding studies confirmed that Tn5 insertions in the cfa and cma genes disrupt CFA and CMA biosynthesis, respectively. All six COR biosynthetic mutants were significantly impaired in their ability to multiply to high levels and to elicit disease symptoms on A. thaliana plants. To assess the relative contributions of CFA, CMA, and COR in virulence, we constructed and characterized cfa6 cmaA double mutant strains. These exhibited virulence phenotypes on A. thalliana identical to those observed for the cmaA or cfa6 single mutants, suggesting that reduced virulence of these mutants on A. thaliana is caused by the absence of the intact COR toxin. This is the first study to use biochemically and genetically defined COR mutants to address the role of COR in pathogenesis.

Detailed characterization of the endocannabinoid system in human macrophages and foam cells, and anti-inflammatory role of type-2 cannabinoid receptor

2014 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Chiurchiù ◽  
Mirko Lanuti ◽  
Giuseppina Catanzaro ◽  
Filomena Fezza ◽  
Cinzia Rapino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Characterization of Ice Nucleation and Propagation in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Bush Blue Lake) using Infrared Video Thermography

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 538C-538
Author(s):  
Michael Wisniewski
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Infrared Video ◽  
Silicon Grease

Frost-sensitive plant species have a limited ability to tolerate ice formation in their tissues. Most plants can supercool below 0°C and avoid ice formation. Discrepancies exist about the role of intrinsic and extrinsic ice-nucleating agents in initiating ice formation in plants. Previous research has demonstrated the ability of infrared video thermography to directly observe and record the freezing process in plants (Wisniewski et al., 1997. Plant Physiol. 113:4378–4397). In the present study, the ability of droplets of a suspension of the ice-nucleating-active (Ice+) bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae, and droplets of deionized water, to induce ice formation in bean plants was compared. The activity of these agents were also compared to intrinsic ice formation in dry plants. Results indicated that the presence of the Ice+ bacteria in droplets ranging from 0.5–4.0 μL always induced freezing at a warmer temperature than droplets of deionized water alone (no bacteria) or intrinsic nucleators in dry plants. When droplets of Ice+ bacteria were allowed to dry, they were no longer effective but were active again upon rewetting. Droplets of water would often supercool below temperatures at which ice formation was initiated by intrinsic agents. When a silicon grease barrier was placed between the droplets of Ice+ bacteria and the leaf surface, the bacteria were no longer capable of inducing ice formation in the plant, despite the droplets being frozen on the plant surface. This indicates that ice crystals must penetrate the cuticle in order to induce freezing of the plant.

scholarly journals Genotypic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baha Abdalhamid ◽  
Itidal Reslane ◽  
Emily Mccutchen ◽  
Peter C. Iwen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Infections

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious threat worldwide causing health care-acquired infections and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This report describes the draft genome sequences of five multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from human infections.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Broad-Host-Range Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophages ΦR18 and ΦS12-1

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Furusawa ◽  
Hidetomo Iwano ◽  
Hidetoshi Higuchi ◽  
Masaru Usui ◽  
Fumito Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of racehorse keratitis. Bacteriophage therapy has the potential to aid in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by P. aeruginosa . We present here the complete genome sequences of two phages, ΦR18 and ΦS12-1, which exhibit infectivity for a broad range of P. aeruginosa isolates.

scholarly journals Origin and Evolution of Studiervirinae Bacteriophages Infecting Pectobacterium: Horizontal Transfer Assists Adaptation to New Niches

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Peter V. Evseev ◽  
Anna A. Lukianova ◽  
Mikhail M. Shneider ◽  
Aleksei A. Korzhenkov ◽  
Eugenia N. Bugaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Phage T7 ◽  
Tail Spike

Black leg and soft rot are devastating diseases causing up to 50% loss of potential potato yield. The search for, and characterization of, bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) suitable for the control of these diseases is currently a sought-after task for agricultural microbiology. Isolated lytic Pectobacterium bacteriophages Q19, PP47 and PP81 possess a similar broad host range but differ in their genomic properties. The genomic features of characterized phages have been described and compared to other Studiervirinae bacteriophages. Thorough phylogenetic analysis has clarified the taxonomy of the phages and their positioning relative to other genera of the Autographiviridae family. Pectobacterium phage Q19 seems to represent a new genus not described previously. The genomes of the phages are generally similar to the genome of phage T7 of the Teseptimavirus genus but possess a number of specific features. Examination of the structure of the genes and proteins of the phages, including the tail spike protein, underlines the important role of horizontal gene exchange in the evolution of these phages, assisting their adaptation to Pectobacterium hosts. The results provide the basis for the development of bacteriophage-based biocontrol of potato soft rot as an alternative to the use of antibiotics.

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