scholarly journals Neurons in the pigeon caudolateral nidopallium differentiate Pavlovian conditioned stimuli but not their associated reward value in a sign-tracking paradigm

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Kasties ◽  
Sarah Starosta ◽  
Onur Güntürkün ◽  
Maik C. Stüttgen
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Sign Tracking ◽  
Reward Value

scholarly journals Manipulating the revision of reward value during the intertrial interval increases sign tracking and dopamine release

PLoS Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e2004015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Lee ◽  
Ronny N. Gentry ◽  
Gregory B. Bissonette ◽  
Rae J. Herman ◽  
John J. Mallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Intertrial Interval ◽  
Sign Tracking ◽  
Reward Value

scholarly journals Explorations with Conditioned Stimuli in Autoshaping Procedures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill F. Nehrbas ◽  
Elizabeth B. Smedley ◽  
S. Smith Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Water Sources ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Sign Tracking ◽  
Conditioning Experiment ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Tracking Response

AbstractSign-tracking is a form of autoshaping where by animals reliably develop conditioned responses toward stimuli that predict an outcome. While the assignment of some value to a predictive cue may be adaptive (i.e., to be alerted to food and water sources), the attribution of value to predictive cues can be maladaptive as seen in behaviors elicited during addiction. Here we test if responding to the predictive cue changes in the context of other cues that are only partially predictive (Experiment 1). Previous work on sequential cues leading to reward have shown a bias in responding toward the first cue in the sequence over learning (Smedley and Smith 2018a, 2018b). Here we test if this effect is unique to discrete cues or if a bias in responding can be seen in a single, long cue (Experiment 2). Finally, we investigate if sign-tracking responses can reliably develop towards a cue that arrives after the delivery of reward (backwards conditioning, Experiment 3). Together, we aim to address various gaps in knowledge about the nature of the sign-tracking response.

Reward Value and Reward Timing are Not Independent

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Galtress ◽  
Kimberly Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Reward Value

Properties of compound conditioned stimuli and their components.

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (6, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 611-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimuli

Response to Conditioned Stimuli by Two Rehabilitated and Released West Indian Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendi Fellner ◽  
Kim Odell ◽  
Allison Corwin ◽  
Lisa Davis ◽  
Cathy Goonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Indian ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Trichechus Manatus ◽  
Trichechus Manatus Latirostris

Empathy Does Not Amplify Vicarious Threat Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lane Williams ◽  
Christopher C Conway
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Defensive Response ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Stimulus Materials ◽  
Dispositional Empathy

Clinically significant fears and phobias can be acquired vicariously. Witnessing a demonstrator’s defensive reaction to potentially dangerous objects and situations can instill conditioned threat responses in the observer. The present study concentrates on individual differences in this social learning process. Specifically, we hypothesized that dispositional empathy modulates vicarious threat conditioning. We examined university students’ (N = 150) conditioned threat responding after they observed strangers undergo Pavlovian threat conditioning. There was evidence of a substantial conditioned defensive response (Cohen’s d = 0.66), as indexed by elevated skin conductance reactions during participants’ direct exposure to the vicariously conditioned stimuli. Contrary to expectations, indices of dispositional empathy were weakly related to the size of conditioned responses (median r = .04). Our results confirm that vicarious threat learning can be evaluated experimentally, but they do not support the hypothesis that empathy amplifies this process. The preregistration, stimulus materials, data, and analysis code for this study are available at https://osf.io/h6hm2.

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