Erratum: Corrigendum: Metabolic rates of giant pandas inform conservation strategies

Yuxiang Fei; Rong Hou; James R. Spotila; Frank V. Paladino; Dunwu Qi; Zhihe Zhang

doi:10.1038/srep33268

Metabolic rates of giant pandas inform conservation strategies

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep27248 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yuxiang Fei ◽

Rong Hou ◽

James R. Spotila ◽

Frank V. Paladino ◽

Dunwu Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Captive Breeding ◽

Large Population ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Metabolic Rates ◽

Giant Pandas ◽

The Face ◽

Natural Reserves

Abstract The giant panda is an icon of conservation and survived a large-scale bamboo die off in the 1980s in China. Captive breeding programs have produced a large population in zoos and efforts continue to reintroduce those animals into the wild. However, we lack sufficient knowledge of their physiological ecology to determine requirements for survival now and in the face of climate change. We measured resting and active metabolic rates of giant pandas in order to determine if current bamboo resources were sufficient for adding additional animals to populations in natural reserves. Resting metabolic rates were somewhat below average for a panda sized mammal and active metabolic rates were in the normal range. Pandas do not have exceptionally low metabolic rates. Nevertheless, there is enough bamboo in natural reserves to support both natural populations and large numbers of reintroduced pandas. Bamboo will not be the limiting factor in successful reintroduction.

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Field metabolic rates of giant pandas reveal energetic adaptations

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01872-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wenlei Bi ◽

Rong Hou ◽

Jacob R. Owens ◽

James R. Spotila ◽

Marc Valitutto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Temperature ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Grizzly Bears ◽

Metabolic Rates ◽

Giant Pandas ◽

Fat Stores ◽

Doubly Labeled Water Method ◽

Field Metabolic Rates ◽

Predicted Values

AbstractKnowledge of energy expenditure informs conservation managers for long term plans for endangered species health and habitat suitability. We measured field metabolic rate (FMR) of free-roaming giant pandas in large enclosures in a nature reserve using the doubly labeled water method. Giant pandas in zoo like enclosures had a similar FMR (14,182 kJ/day) to giant pandas in larger field enclosures (13,280 kJ/day). In winter, giant pandas raised their metabolic rates when living at − 2.4 °C (36,108 kJ/day) indicating that they were below their thermal neutral zone. The lower critical temperature for thermoregulation was about 8.0 °C and the upper critical temperature was about 28 °C. Giant panda FMRs were somewhat lower than active metabolic rates of sloth bears, lower than FMRs of grizzly bears and polar bears and 69 and 81% of predicted values based on a regression of FMR versus body mass of mammals. That is probably due to their lower levels of activity since other bears actively forage for food over a larger home range and pandas often sit in a patch of bamboo and eat bamboo for hours at a time. The low metabolic rates of giant pandas in summer, their inability to acquire fat stores to hibernate in winter, and their ability to raise their metabolic rate to thermoregulate in winter are energetic adaptations related to eating a diet composed almost exclusively of bamboo. Differences in FMR of giant pandas between our study and previous studies (one similar and one lower) appear to be due to differences in activity of the giant pandas in those studies.

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Modeling Potential Dispersal Routes for Giant Pandas in Their Key Distribution Area of the Qinling Mountains, China

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.636937 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Xuehua Liu ◽

Lanmei Liu ◽

Linna Liu ◽

Xuelin Jin ◽

Melissa Songer

Keyword(s):

Giant Panda ◽

Habitat Management ◽

Key Distribution ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Ailuropoda Melanoleuca ◽

Qinling Mountains ◽

Giant Pandas ◽

Dispersal Routes ◽

Source And Sink

The national surveys on giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) population and habitat quality have shown a high-density population of this species in the Qinling Mountains, China. We investigated five adjacent nature reserves (NR), i.e., the key distribution area of giant pandas in the Qinling Mountains, to model and identify the potential dispersal routes for giant pandas. We hypothesized that giant pandas will spread to neighboring areas when the population of the species keeps increasing. Habitat suitability was firstly evaluated based on environmental and disturbance factors. We then identified source and sink patches for giant pandas’ dispersal. Further, Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model was applied to calculate cost of movement. Finally, the Current Theory was adopted to model linkages between source and sink patches to explore potential dispersal routes of giant pandas. Our results showed that (1) the three large source patches and eight potential sink patches were identified; (2) the 14 potential corridors were predicted for giant pandas dispersing from source patches to the neighboring areas; (3) through the predicted corridors, the giant pandas in the source patches could disperse to the west, the south and the east sink patches. Our research revealed possible directional patterns for giant pandas’ dispersal in their key distribution area of the Qinling Mountains, and can provide the strong recommendations in policy and conservation strategies for improving giant panda habitat management in those identified sink patches and also potential dispersal corridors.

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Predicting changes in distribution of a large coastal shark in the face of the strengthening East Australian Current

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 642 ◽

pp. 163-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y Niella ◽

AF Smoothey ◽

V Peddemors ◽

R Harcourt

Keyword(s):

Austral Summer ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Commercial Fisheries ◽

East Australian Current ◽

Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Southeastern Australia ◽

The Face

In the face of accelerating climate change, conservation strategies will need to consider how marine animals deal with forecast environmental change as well as ongoing threats. We used 10 yr (2009-2018) of data from commercial fisheries and a bather protection program along the coast of New South Wales (NSW), southeastern Australia, to investigate (1) spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence in bull sharks and (2) environmental factors affecting bull shark occurrence along the coast of NSW. Predicted future distribution for this species was modelled for the forecast strengthening East Australian Current. Bull sharks were mostly harvested in small to larger estuaries, with average depth and rainfall responsible for contrasting patterns for each of the fisheries. There was an increase in the occurrence of bull sharks over the last decade, particularly among coastal setline fisheries, associated with seasonal availability of thermal gradients >22°C and both westward and southward coastal currents stronger than 0.15 and 0.60 m s-1, respectively, during the austral summer. Our model predicts a 3 mo increase in the availability of favourable water temperatures along the entire coast of NSW for bull sharks by 2030. This coastline provides a uniquely favourable topography for range expansion in the face of a southerly shift of warmer waters, and habitat is unlikely to be a limiting factor for bull sharks in the future. Such a southerly shift in distribution has implications for the management of bull sharks both in commercial fisheries and for mitigation of shark-human interactions.

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METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINE ASPECTS OF THE WHIRLER MUTATION IN MALE MICE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0640347 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 347-358

Author(s):

A. Stanley Weltman ◽

Arthur M. Sackler

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Metabolic Rates ◽

Heterozygous Female ◽

Endocrine Organ ◽

General Body ◽

Adrenocortical Activity ◽

Body Weights ◽

Seminal Vesicle Weight ◽

Eosinophil Counts

ABSTRACT Body weight, metabolic rate, locomotor activity and alterations in endocrine organ activity were noted in recessive homozygous male whirler mice and the phenotypically »normal« heterozygotes. Representative populations of the two types were studied at different age levels. In general, body weights of the whirler mice were consistently and significantly lower. Open-field locomotion studies similarly indicated heightened locomotor activity. Total leukocyte and eosinophil counts were either markedly or significantly lower in the homozygous vs. heterozygous whirler groups. Evaluation of relative organ weights showed significantly increased adrenal weights in whirler mice sacrificed at 14 weeks and 11 months of age. These changes were accompanied by involution of the thymus. Thus, the varied data indicate persistent increased metabolism and adrenocortical activity during the life-span of the whirler mice. Seminal vesicle weight decreases in the whirler males at 11 months suggest lower gonadal function. The findings are in accord with previous studies of alterations in metabolic rates and endocrine function of homozygous whirler vs. heterozygous female mice.

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