scholarly journals Comparison of research methods for functional characterization of insect olfactory receptors

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Kang He ◽  
Guirong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Olfactory Receptors

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of Two Human Olfactory Receptors Expressed in the Baculovirus Sf9 Insect Cell System

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Matarazzo ◽  
O. Clot-Faybesse ◽  
B. Marcet ◽  
G. Guiraudie-Capraz ◽  
B. Atanasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Cell ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Cell System

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of Olfactory Receptors in the Thyroid Gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Weidinger ◽  
Nikolina Jovancevic ◽  
Denise Zwanziger ◽  
Sarah Theurer ◽  
Judith Hönes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Cascade Analysis ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion ◽  
Specific Ligand ◽  
Stimulation Of

Olfactory receptors (ORs) are almost ubiquitously expressed in the human body. However, information about their functions in these tissues is lacking. To date, no functional characterization of expressed ORs in the human thyroid has been performed. In this study, we detected and compared the expression of OR2H2 and OR2W3 in healthy and malignant cell lines and their corresponding tissues, respectively. We demonstrated that stimulation of ORs by their specific ligand resulted in a transient increase in intracellular calcium and cAMP concentrations. In the case of OR2H2, the downstream signaling cascade analysis revealed that adenylate cyclase (AC) and phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PLC) were involved. Furthermore, OR2H2 and OR2W3 activation affected migration, proliferation, and invasion. These are the first insights that ORs influence physiology-relevant processes in the healthy and malignant thyroid.

scholarly journals Functional characterization of odor responses and gene expression changes in olfactory co-receptor mutants in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Vulpe ◽  
Pratyajit Mohapatra ◽  
Karen Menuz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Individual Odor ◽  
Receptor Neurons

Two large families of olfactory receptors, the Odorant Receptors (ORs) and the Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), mediate responses to most odors in the insect olfactory system. Individual odor binding tuning OR receptors are expressed by olfactory neurons in basiconic and trichoid sensilla and require the co-receptor Orco to function. The situation for IRs is more complex. Different tuning IR receptors are expressed by olfactory neurons in coeloconic sensilla and rely on either the Ir25a or Ir8a co-receptors; some evidence suggests that Ir76b may also act as a co-receptor, but its function has not been systematically examined. This is particularly important as recent data indicate that nearly all coeloconic olfactory neurons co-express Ir25a, Ir8a, and Ir76b. Here, we report the effects of Drosophila olfactory co-receptor mutants on odor detection by coeloconic olfactory neurons and determine their broader impact on gene expression through RNASeq analysis. We demonstrate that Ir76b and Ir25a function together in all amine-sensing olfactory receptor neurons. In most neurons, loss of either co-receptor abolishes amine responses, whereas in ac1 sensilla, amine responses persist in the absence of Ir76b or Ir25a, but are lost in a double-mutant. Such responses do not require Ir8a. Conversely, acid-sensing ORNs require Ir8a, but not Ir76b or Ir25a. Using antennal transcriptional profiling, we find that the expression of acid-sensing IR receptors is significantly reduced in Ir8a mutants, but is unaffected by the loss of Ir25a or Ir76b. Similarly, select OR tuning receptors are also downregulated in Orco2 mutants. In contrast, expression of amine-sensing IR receptors is mostly unchanged in Ir25a and Ir76b mutants. Together, our data reveal new aspects of co-receptor function in the olfactory system.

scholarly journals Mixture interactions at mammalian olfactory receptors are dependent on the cellular environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Corey ◽  
Sergei Zolotukhin ◽  
Barry W. Ache ◽  
Kirill Ukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Odor Exposure ◽  
Mixture Interactions

AbstractFunctional characterization of mammalian olfactory receptors (ORs) remains a major challenge to ultimately understanding the olfactory code. Here, we compare the responses of the mouse Olfr73 ectopically expressed in olfactory sensory neurons using AAV gene delivery in vivo and expressed in vitro in cell culture. The response dynamics and concentration-dependence of agonists for the ectopically expressed Olfr73 were similar to those reported for the endogenous Olfr73, however the antagonism previously reported between its cognate agonist and several antagonists was not replicated in vivo. Expressing the OR in vitro reproduced the antagonism reported for short odor pulses, but not for prolonged odor exposure. Our findings suggest that both the cellular environment and the stimulus dynamics shape the functionality of Olfr73 and argue that characterizing ORs in ‘native’ conditions, rather than in vitro, provides a more relevant understanding of ligand-OR interactions.

scholarly journals Mixture Interactions at Mammalian Olfactory Receptors are Dependent on the Cellular Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Corey ◽  
Sergei Zolotukhin ◽  
Barry Ache ◽  
Kirill Ukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Mixture Interactions

Abstract Functional characterization of mammalian olfactory receptors (ORs) remains a major challenge to ultimately understanding the olfactory code. Here, we compare the responses of the mouse Olfr73 ectopically expressed in olfactory sensory neurons using AAV gene delivery in vivo and expressed in vitro in cell culture. The response dynamics and concentration-dependence of agonists for the ectopically expressed Olfr73 were similar to those reported for the endogenous Olfr73, but the receptor failed to mediate the antagonism between its cognate agonist and several antagonists reported for the OR expressed in vitro. Expressing the OR in vitro under the same conditions of stimulation retained the reported antagonism, but it was dependent on the duration of stimulation. Our findings suggest that both the cellular environment and the stimulus dynamics shape the functionality of Olfr73 and argue that characterizing ORs in ‘native’ conditions provides the most complete understanding of ligand-OR interactions.

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

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