scholarly journals Geographic variation in wing size and shape of the grasshopper Trilophidia annulata (Orthoptera: Oedipodidae): morphological trait variations follow an ecogeographical rule

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Bai ◽  
Jia-Jia Dong ◽  
De-Long Guan ◽  
Juan-Ying Xie ◽  
Sheng-Quan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Morphological Trait ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Size And Shape

Lead-Induced Variation in Wing Size and Shape in Populations ofDrosophila subobscura

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorana Kurbalija Novicic ◽  
Bojan Kenig ◽  
Jasmina Ludoski ◽  
Marina Stamenkovic-Radak ◽  
Marko Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Wing Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Induced Variation

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN AFRICAN AND EUROPEAN HONEYBEES, APIS MELLIFERA, ON ASYMMETRIES IN WING SIZE AND SHAPE

Evolution ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2350-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Schneider ◽  
L. J. Leamy ◽  
L. A. Lewis ◽  
G. DeGrandi-Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Size And Shape

The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1825 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASMINA LUDOŠKI ◽  
LJUBINKA FRANCUSKI ◽  
ANTE VUJIĆ ◽  
VESNA MILANKOV
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis

A landmark-based geometric morphometric approach was used to assess differences in the size and shape of wing among/within three species of the Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha. Wing size and shape variation was observed from 25, 176 and 41 specimens of C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha, respectively, collected from six localities on the Balkan Peninsula. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 73% individuals of C. canicularis, 80% of C. orthotricha and 94% of C. himantopus, and clear delimitation of the species pairs C. canicularis/C. orthotricha and C. himantopus/C. orthotricha. In all analysed species, the consistent sex dimorphism in wing shape was observed indicating that female specimens had shorter and broader wings than males. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed close accordance with previously published phylogenetic relationships of these species indicated by allozyme and DNA sequence data analysis. Our results suggested that wing parameters contain useful information in quantification phenotypic variation and identification of species in this challenging group for taxonomy and systematics.

scholarly journals Wing size and shape variation of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) populations from the south and north slopes of the Atlas Mountains in Morocco

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorian Prudhomme ◽  
Filiz Gunay ◽  
Nil Rahola ◽  
Fouad Ouanaimi ◽  
Souad Guernaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
The South ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Atlas Mountains

scholarly journals Sexual size and shape dimorphism in Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Vukica Vujić ◽  
Luka Lučić ◽  
Sofija Pavković-Lučić ◽  
Bojan Ilić ◽  
Zvezdana Jovanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Morphological Trait ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

Until now, morphological trait variation has been investigated in several millipede species using geometric morphometrics. The present study is the first attempt to explore sexual shape and size dimorphism (SShD and SSD) of morphological structures in Polydesmida. We here analyse antennal, head, and leg SShD and SSD in Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889. Our results show that SSD exists in all of the analysed structures, while SShD is present only in the legs. In comparison with females, males possess longer and wider legs, as well as longer antennae and a shorter head. Contrary to previous findings in some Julida, in B. troglobiusSSD of the antennae and legs varies more than SShD in these morphological structures.

scholarly journals Adaptation to a novel predator inDrosophila melanogaster: How well are we able to predict evolutionary responses?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael DeNieu ◽  
William Pitchers ◽  
Ian Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Short Term Prediction

Evolutionary theory is sufficiently well developed to allow for short-term prediction of evolutionary trajectories. In addition to the presence of heritable variation, prediction requires knowledge of the form of natural selection on relevant traits. While many studies estimate the form of natural selection, few examine the degree to which traits evolve in the predicted direction. In this study we examine the form of natural selection imposed by mantid predation on wing size and shape in the fruitfly,Drosophila melanogaster. We then evolve populations ofD. melanogasterunder predation pressure, and examine the extent to which wing size and shape have responded in the predicted direction. We demonstrate that wing form partially evolves along the predicted vector from selection, more so than for control lineages. Furthermore, we re-examined phenotypic selection after ~30 generations of experimental evolution. We observed that the magnitude of selection on wing size and shape was diminished in populations evolving with mantid predators, while the direction of the selection vector differed from that of the ancestral population for shape. We discuss these findings in the context of the predictability of evolutionary responses, and the need for fully multivariate approaches.

scholarly journals Annual Variability of Wing Morphology in Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) Mosquito Vectors from the Coastal Area of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanawat Chaiphongpachara ◽  
Sedthapong Laojun
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Size And Shape

Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) is a mosquito vector that is found in coastal areas. Effective control of mosquitoes requires knowledge of the biology, ecology, and behavior of the vector as well as of various other aspects, including its morphology. Currently, variations in the wing size and shape of coastal Cx. sitiens have not been described. Here, morphological changes were studied in the wings of Cx. sitiens from a coastal area of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Samples were collected at night (6:00 pm–6:00 am) during single weeks of September in the years 2015–2017 using Center for Disease Control light traps with dry ice as bait. Eighteen landmarks of each individual were selected and digitized for landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses. Wing size variability was estimated using the isometric estimator of centroid size. Wing-shape variables were computed as Procrustes superimposition with residual coordinates of the 18 landmarks following a Generalized Procrustes Analysis and the principal components of residual coordinates. Degrees of wing-shape dissimilarity among individuals were analyzed using discriminant analysis or canonical variate analysis, which was illustrated in a discriminant space of canonical variables. Differences in wing size and shape among populations were calculated using nonparametric permutations based on 1000 runs with Bonferroni correction tests at a p-value of <0.05. The wing sizes and shapes of the mosquitoes differed significantly between observation years in all population groups, as indicated by nonparametric tests (1000 runs) with the Bonferroni correction. Differing rainfall between observation years was related to morphological changes in mosquito populations, presumably reflecting environmental adaptation. Differences in the wing morphology of Cx. sitiens between annual populations reflect adaptation to environmental variables such as rainfall and may affect the potential to act as insect vectors of human disease. These observations may facilitate the development of tools for managing mosquito-borne disease.

scholarly journals Quantifying flight aptitude variation in wild A. gambiae s.l. in order to identify long-distance migrants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Faiman ◽  
Alpha Seydou YARO ◽  
Moussa Diallo ◽  
Adama Dao ◽  
Djibril Samake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Gravid Females

Abstract Background In the West African Sahel, during the 5-7 month-long dry season mosquito reproduction is halted due to the absence of surface waters required for larval development. Recent studies have suggested that both Anopheles gambiae s.s and A. arabiensis persist in this region by migration from distant locations where larval sites are perennial, and A. coluzzii engages in long-distance migration, presumably within the Sahel, following shifting resources due to the ever-changing patterns of Sahelian rainfall. Understanding mosquito migration is key to malaria control, a disease that still kills >400,000 people, mostly children in Africa. Methods We used a new tethered-flight assay to characterize flight in the three primary malaria vectors mentioned above and evaluated seasonal differences in their flight activity. The flight of tethered wild mosquitoes was audio-recorded from 21:00h to 05:00h in the following morning and three flight aptitude indices were examined: total flight duration, longest flight bout, and the number of flight bouts during the assay. Based on recent studies, we predicted that (i) the distribution of the flight aptitude indices would exhibit bi-modality and/or marked skewness, indicating a subpopulation of high flight activity (HFA) associated with long-distance migrants, in contrast to low flight activity (LFA) in appetitive flyers. Additionally, flight aptitude would (ii) increase in the wet season, (iii) increase in gravid females, and (iv) vary among the vector species. ResultsThe distributions of all flight indices departed sharply from a normal curve, and were strongly skewed to the right, consistent with the division of the population into a majority of LFAs and a minority of HFAs, e.g., the median total flight was 586 seconds, and its maximum value was 16,110 seconds (~4.5 h). As predicted, flight aptitude peaked in the wet season and was higher in gravid females than in non-bloodfed females. Flight aptitude was higher in A. coluzzii than in A. arabiensis, but A. gambiae s.s. was not statistically different from either. We evaluated differences in wing size and shape between LFAs and HFAs. During the wet season, wing size of HFA A. coluzzii was larger than that of LFAs; it was wider than predicted by its length, indicating a shape change. However, no statistically significant differences were found in wings of A. gambiae s.s. or A. arabiensis. ConclusionsThe partial agreement between the assay results and predictions suggest a degree of discrimination between appetitive flyers and long-distance migrants. Wing size and shape seems to indicate higher flight activity in A. coluzzii during the wet season.

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