scholarly journals The effect of electric field intensification at interparticle contacts in microwave sintering

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuchen Qiao ◽  
Xiaoying Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Interparticle Contacts

POLARIZATION REVERSAL AND ELECTROMECHANICAL STUDIES ON Ba(NdxTi1-2xNbx)O3 DIELECTRIC RELAXOR CERAMICS PREPARED THROUGH CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE SINTERING ROUTE

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYED MAHBOOB ◽  
G. PRASAD ◽  
G. S. KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Remnant Polarization ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Polarization Reversal ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Polycrystalline Ceramic ◽  
Dielectric Relaxor

Polarization and capacitance studies as a function of applied electric field were done on the Nd and Nb -doped polycrystalline ceramic samples. The result indicates that the ceramic samples show low values of remnant polarization. The capacitance value indicates that microwave sintered samples shows higher capacitance tunability when compared to conventional sintered samples. The results obtained from electromechanical studies are also discussed.

Estimation of the Local Electric field inside an Isotropic Mixture.

1994 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Roussy ◽  
Jean-Marie Thiebaut ◽  
Med Madi
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Effective Permittivity ◽  
Heterogeneous Mixture ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Electrical Field Strength ◽  
Phase Mixture

ABSTRACTAs a consequence of the BERGMAN - MILTON theory, which expresses the effective permittivity of a two phase mixture with an integral of a density function, it has been possible to evaluate the local electrical field strength inside a heterogeneous mixture. The developed formula can be used advantageously for modeling the local temperature inside a ceramic material during its microwave sintering.

Application of Ridged Waveguide in Microwave Sintering

1996 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Jian ◽  
Cheng Jiping ◽  
Liu Xianjun ◽  
Tang Yuling ◽  
Chen Lei
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Rectangular Waveguide ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Cutoff Frequency ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Ridged Waveguide

AbstractIn this paper, a ridge rectangular waveguide is designed, and its cutoff frequency, impedance and electric field intensity are given by formulas or curves. A few ceramic samples are sintered in it by microwave energy. It is concluded that the device can be as a satisfactory microwave sintering cavity.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effects of Reduced Sintering Temperature on Dielectric, Ferroelectric and Energy Storage Properties of Microwave-Sintered PLZT 8/60/40 Ceramics

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6457
Author(s):  
Ajeet Kumar ◽  
Sivanagi Reddy Emani ◽  
K. C. James Raju ◽  
Jungho Ryu ◽  
A. R. James
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Domain Switching ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Switching Current ◽  
Energy Storage Properties ◽  
Storage Properties

In this study, (Pb0.92La0.08) (Zr0.60Ti0.40) O3 (PLZT 8/60/40) ceramics were synthesized using a high-energy ball-milling technique followed by microwave sintering at different temperatures from 900 °C to 1200 °C. The optimal microwave sintering temperature for the PLZT 8/60/40 ceramics was found to be 1150 °C, which is relatively low compared with conventional sintering temperature. The sintered ceramics show the pure perovskite phase, uniform grain microstructure (1.2 µm) and high density (~99.5%). The polarization vs. electric field (P-E) hysteresis curves were used to investigate the ferroelectric and energy storage properties. The switching characteristic in P-E loops and occurrence of domain switching current in current vs. electric field (I-E) loops confirms their ferroelectric nature. The PLZT ceramics, which were sintered at 1150 °C, show the highest remnant polarization (Pr) of ~32.18 μC/cm2 and domain switching current (Imax) of ~0.91 mA with a low coercive field (Ec) of ~10.17 kV/cm. The bipolar and unipolar strain vs. electric field (S-E) hysteresis loops were also measured and the highest unipolar strain was found to be ~0.26% for the PLZT ceramics sintered at 1150 °C. The unipolar S-E curves were used to derive the piezoelectric coefficient (d33~495 pm/V) and a strain hysteresis loss (~5.8%).

Resolution in photoelectron microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
G. F. Rempfer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Virtual Image ◽  
Lens System ◽  
Photoemission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Planar Electrode ◽  
Electron Lens ◽  
Photoemission Electron

In photoelectron microscopy (PEM), also called photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), the image is formed by electrons which have been liberated from the specimen by ultraviolet light. The electrons are accelerated by an electric field before being imaged by an electron lens system. The specimen is supported on a planar electrode (or the electrode itself may be the specimen), and the accelerating field is applied between the specimen, which serves as the cathode, and an anode. The accelerating field is essentially uniform except for microfields near the surface of the specimen and a diverging field near the anode aperture. The uniform field forms a virtual image of the specimen (virtual specimen) at unit lateral magnification, approximately twice as far from the anode as is the specimen. The diverging field at the anode aperture in turn forms a virtual image of the virtual specimen at magnification 2/3, at a distance from the anode of 4/3 the specimen distance. This demagnified virtual image is the object for the objective stage of the lens system.

Field-assisted ionization theory for microscopists

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 820-821
Author(s):  
Patrick P. Camus
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electron Tunneling ◽  
Ionization Probability ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Tunneling Probability ◽  
Field Ionization ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Field Evaporation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ion Emission

The theory of field ion emission is the study of electron tunneling probability enhanced by the application of a high electric field. At subnanometer distances and kilovolt potentials, the probability of tunneling of electrons increases markedly. Field ionization of gas atoms produce atomic resolution images of the surface of the specimen, while field evaporation of surface atoms sections the specimen. Details of emission theory may be found in monographs.Field ionization (FI) is the phenomena whereby an electric field assists in the ionization of gas atoms via tunneling. The tunneling probability is a maximum at a critical distance above the surface,xc, Fig. 1. Energy is required to ionize the gas atom at xc, I, but at a value reduced by the appliedelectric field, xcFe, while energy is recovered by placing the electron in the specimen, φ. The highest ionization probability occurs for those regions on the specimen that have the highest local electric field. Those atoms which protrude from the average surfacehave the smallest radius of curvature, the highest field and therefore produce the highest ionizationprobability and brightest spots on the imaging screen, Fig. 2. This technique is called field ion microscopy (FIM).

Linear growth of instabilities on a liquid metal under normal electric field

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1201-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N�ron de Surgy ◽  
J.-P. Chabrerie ◽  
O. Denoux ◽  
J.-E. Wesfreid
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Normal Electric Field
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