Opposite Associations between Individual KIAA0319 Polymorphisms and Developmental Dyslexia Risk across Populations: A Stratified Meta-Analysis by the Study Population

Abstract Background Maternal Death Reviews (MDR) can assist in formulating prevention strategies to reduce maternal mortality. To support MDR, an adequate MDR instrument is required to accurately identify the underlying causes of maternal deaths. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the reliability of maternal death instruments for conducting the MDR process. Method Three databases: PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO were systematically searched to identify related research articles published between January 2004 and July 2019. The review and meta-analysis involved identification of measurement tools to conduct MDR in all or part of maternal audit. Eligibiliy and quality of studies were evaluated using the Modified Quality Appraisal of Diagnostic Reliability (QAREL) Checklist: Reliability Studies. Results Overall, 242 articles were identified. Six articles examining the instrument used for MDR in 4 countries (4 articles on verbal autopsy (VA) and 2 articles on facility-based MDR) were included. None of studies identified reliability in evaluation instruments assessing maternal audit cycle as a comprehensive approach. The pooled kappa for the MDR instruments was 0.72 (95%CI:0.43–0.99; p < 0.001) with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 96.19%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of MDR instruments showed pooled kappa in VA of 0.89 (95%CI:0.52–1.25) and facility-based MDR of 0.48 (95%CI:0.15–0.82). Meta-regression analysis tended to show the high heterogeneity was likely associated with sample sizes, regions, and year of publications. Conclusions The MDR instruments appear feasible. Variation of the instruments suggest the need for judicious selection of MDR instruments by considering the study population and assessment during the target periods.

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Temporal variability predicts the magnitude of between-group attentional blink differences in developmental dyslexia: a meta-analysis

10.7287/peerj.preprints.310 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas A Badcock ◽

Joanna C Kidd

Keyword(s):

Attentional Blink ◽

Developmental Dyslexia ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Visual Presentation ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Future Research ◽

Temporal Position ◽

Group Effect ◽

The Difference

Background. Here we report on a meta-analysis of the attentional blink (AB) research focussed on specific reading impairment, commonly referred to as developmental dyslexia. The AB effect relates to a limitation in the allocation of attention over time and examined in a dual-target rapid serial visual presentation paradigm. When the second target appears in close temporal proximity to the first target, the second target is reported less accurately. Method. A Web of Science search with terms 'dyslexia attentional blink' returned 13 AB experiments (11 papers) conducted with developmental dyslexia (9 were included in this meta-analysis). The main pattern of performance was lower overall accuracy in groups of individuals with dyslexia relative to typically reading peers. That is, a between-group main effect. This meta-analysis examined the size of the between-group effect in relation to physical presentation characteristics, which differed between and within experiments. Results. Four noteworthy variables were related to the between group effect-size; fixation duration (positive relationship, R2 = .89, p <.01, n = 6), maximum temporal position of T2 (negative relationship, R2 = .46, p <.05, n = 9), the difference between the minimum and maximum temporal position of T2 (negative relationship, R2 = .53, p <.05, n = 9), and the stimulus onset asynchrony (negative relationship, R2 = .46, p <.05, n = 9). Discussion. These are discussed with respect to the preparation of task-set, temporal orienting, and speed of processing, recommending these as considerations for future research.

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Common Variants of Homocysteine Metabolism Pathway Genes and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Related Traits in Indians

Experimental Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2012/960318 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ganesh Chauhan ◽

Ismeet Kaur ◽

Rubina Tabassum ◽

Om Prakash Dwivedi ◽

Saurabh Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cardiovascular Disorder ◽

Common Variants ◽

Study Population ◽

North Indians ◽

Sample Set

Hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disorder, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, is prevalent among Indians who are at high risk of these metabolic disorders. We evaluated association of common variants of genes involved in homocysteine metabolism or its levels with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related traits in North Indians. We genotyped 90 variants in initial phase (2.115 subjects) and replicated top signals in an independent sample set (2.085 subjects). The variantMTHFR-rs1801133 was the top signal for association with type 2 diabetes (OR=0.78(95% CI=0.67–0.92),P=0.003) and was also associated with 2 h postload plasma glucose (P=0.04), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.004), and total cholesterol (P=0.01) in control subjects. These associations were neither replicated nor significant after meta-analysis. Studies involving a larger study population and different ethnic groups are required before ruling out the role of these important candidate genes in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related traits.

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The value of the post-captopril aldosterone/renin ratio for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and the influential factors: A meta-analysis

Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System ◽

10.1177/1470320320972032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 147032032097203

Author(s):

Qiao Xiang ◽

Wen Wang ◽

Tao Chen ◽

Kai Yu ◽

Qianrui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Primary Aldosteronism ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Time Interval ◽

Study Region ◽

Subgroup Analyses ◽

Study Population ◽

Meta Regression

Objective: The procedure for the captopril challenge test (CCT) in diagnosing primary aldosteronism (PA) is not standardized. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the controversial diagnostic value and influential factors of the post-captopril aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR). Methods: We searched literature in databases for eligible studies (until October 1, 2020). We extracted information regarding study and patient characteristics, CCT methods, outcome data. We pooled studies using the random-effect model. We performed meta-regression and six pre-specified subgroup analyses to explore heterogeneity. Results: Nineteen studies involving 4568 subjects were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.825 (95% CI 0.804–0.844) and 0.919 (95% CI 0.908–0.928). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9487 (95% CI 0.9207–0.9767). Meta-regression revealed that heterogeneity might derive from time interval ( p = 0.0117) and study population ( p = 0.0033). Subgroup analyses showed significant differences between the subgroups stratified by the dose, posture, study region, time interval, cut-off value and study population for sensitivity and/or specificity ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Post-captopril ARR is comparably valuable for diagnosing PA at cut-offs from 12.0 to 50.0. Conducting the CCT in the supine position with 25 mg of captopril may attain greater sensitivity. Conducting the CCT in the seated position with 50 mg of captopril may attain greater specificity. A 90-min time interval may perform best in both the sensitivity and specificity.

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Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-positive patients and related risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2020025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Ehsan Ahmadpour ◽

Hanie Safarpour ◽

Lihua Xiao ◽

Mehdi Zarean ◽

Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Related Risk ◽

Study Population ◽

Staining Methods

Cryptosporidium is one of the major causes of diarrhea in HIV-positive patients. The aim of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in these patients. PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane and Ovid databases were searched for relevant studies dating from the period of 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017. Data extraction for the included studies was performed independently by two authors. The overall pooled prevalence was calculated and subgroup analysis was performed on diagnostic methods, geographical distribution and study population. Meta-regression was performed on the year of publication, proportion of patients with diarrhea, and proportion of patients with CD4 < 200 cells/mL. One hundred and sixty-one studies and 51,123 HIV-positive participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in HIV-positive patients was 11.2% (CI95%: 9.4%–13.0%). The pooled prevalence was estimated to be 10.0% (CI95%: 8.4%–11.8%) using staining methods, 13.5% (CI95%: 8.9%–19.8%) using molecular methods, and 26.3% (CI95%: 15.0%–42.0%) using antigen detection methods. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in HIV patients was significantly associated with the country of study. Also, there were statistical differences between the diarrhea, CD4 < 200 cells/mL, and antiretroviral therapy risk factors with Cryptosporidiosis. Thus, Cryptosporidium is a common infection in HIV-positive patients, and safe water and hand-hygiene should be implemented to prevent cryptosporidiosis occurrence in these patients.

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Standardisation of lymphatic filariasis microfilaraemia prevalence estimates based on different diagnostic methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-020-04144-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Natalie V. S. Vinkeles Melchers ◽

Luc E. Coffeng ◽

Sake J. de Vlas ◽

Wilma A. Stolk

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Lymphatic Filariasis ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Technique ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Study Population ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) infection is generally diagnosed through parasitological identification of microfilariae (mf) in the blood. Although historically the most commonly used technique for counting mf is the thick blood smear based on 20 µl blood (TBS20), various other techniques and blood volumes have been applied. It is therefore a challenge to compare mf prevalence estimates from different LF-survey data. Our objective was to standardise microfilaraemia (mf) prevalence estimates to TBS20 as the reference diagnostic technique. Methods We first performed a systematic review to identify studies reporting on comparative mf prevalence data as measured by more than one diagnostic test, including TBS20, on the same study population. Associations between mf prevalences based on different diagnostic techniques were quantified in terms of odds ratios (OR, with TBS20 blood as reference), using a meta-regression model. Results We identified 606 articles matching our search strategy and included 14 in our analyses. The OR of the mf prevalences as measured by the more sensitive counting chamber technique (≥ 50 µl blood) was 2.90 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–5.28). For membrane filtration (1 ml blood) the OR was 2.39 (95% CI: 1.62–3.53), Knott’s technique it was 1.54 (95% CI: 0.72–3.29), and for TBS in ≥ 40 µl blood it was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.81–2.30). Conclusions We provided transformation factors to standardise mf prevalence estimates as detected by different diagnostic techniques to mf prevalence estimates as measured by TBS20. This will facilitate the use and comparison of more datasets in meta-analyses and geographic mapping initiatives across countries and over time.

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Coherence motion perception in developmental dyslexia: a meta-analysis of behavioral studies

Dyslexia ◽

10.1002/dys.412 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 341-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Mariagrazia Benassi ◽

Letizia Simonelli ◽

Sara Giovagnoli ◽

Roberto Bolzani

Keyword(s):

Motion Perception ◽

Developmental Dyslexia ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Behavioral Studies

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The Stricter the Better? The Relationship between Targeted HbA1cValues and Metabolic Control of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/5490258 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcin Braun ◽

Bartlomiej Tomasik ◽

Ewa Wrona ◽

Wojciech Fendler ◽

Przemyslawa Jarosz-Chobot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Group A ◽

Study Population ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes

Introduction. It remains unclear howHbA1crecommendations influence metabolic control of paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. To evaluate this we compared reportedHbA1cwith guideline thresholds.Materials and Methods. We searched systematically MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies reporting onHbA1cin children with T1DM and grouped them according to targetedHbA1cobtained from regional guidelines. We assessed the discrepancies in the metabolic control between these groups by comparing meanHbA1cextracted from each study and the differences between actual and targetedHbA1c.Results. We included 105 from 1365 searched studies. The median (IQR)HbA1cfor the study population was 8.30% (8.00%–8.70%) and was lower in “6.5%” than in “7.5%” as targetedHbA1clevel (8.20% (7.85%–8.57%) versus 8.40% (8.20%–8.80%);p=0.028). Median difference between actual and targetedHbA1cwas 1.20% (0.80%–1.70%) and was higher in “6.5%” than in “7.5%” (1.70% (1.30%–2.07%) versus 0.90% (0.70%–1.30%), resp.;p<0.001).Conclusions. Our study indicates that the 7.5% threshold results inHbA1clevels being closer to the therapeutic goal, but the actual values are still higher than those observed in the “6.5%” group. A meta-analysis of raw data from national registries or a prospective study comparing both approaches is warranted as the next step to examine this subject further.

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Asymptomatic people with SARS-CoV-2 as unseen carriers of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39512/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gopiram Syangtan ◽

Shrijana Bista ◽

Prabin Dawadi ◽

Binod Rayamajhee ◽

Lok Bahadur Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Published Data ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Study Population ◽

And Gender ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals

Abstract Background The asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 can act as an unseen carrier for magnifying the transmission of COVID-19. Aims This study was designed to appraise the burden of asymptomatic individuals and estimate their occurrence among different age groups and gender by reviewing the existing published data on asymptomatic people with COVID-19. Methods Three electronic databases: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science (WoS) were used to search studies as per the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and the search was limited to English language. The study population of this review includes asymptomatic individuals infected by COVID-19. All original articles which have reported cases of the COVID-19 patients with no symptoms until 31 April 2020 were included in the study. Random effects model was applied to analyze pooled data on the prevalence of symptomless cases among total COVID-19 infected patients and also on different age groups and gender. Results In the meta-analysis of 16 studies, comprising 2,788 COVID-19 infected patients, the pooled prevalence of asymptomatic cases was 48.2% (95% CI, 30%-67%). Among the asymptomatic patients, 55.5% (95% CI, 43.6%-66.8%) were female and 49.6% (95% CI, 20.5%-79.1%) were children. Conclusion About half of the COVID-19 infected patients were asymptomatic cases. Children and females were more apparent to be asymptomatic patient of COVID-19 and could act as unseen carrier of SARS-CoV-2. Symptom based screening only, might fail to identify all SARS-CoV-2 infections escalating the threat of global spread of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, mass surveillance system tracking asymptomatic cases is a pressing need of public health, paying special attention to female and young children, which could aid in prevention and containment of this unprecedented pandemic.

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