scholarly journals Central tendency effects in time interval reproduction in autism

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Themelis Karaminis ◽  
Guido Marco Cicchini ◽  
Louise Neil ◽  
Giulia Cappagli ◽  
David Aagten-Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Interval ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Interval Reproduction

Distortion of time interval reproduction in an epileptic patient with a focal lesion in the right anterior insular/inferior frontal cortices

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Monfort ◽  
Micha Pfeuty ◽  
Madelyne Klein ◽  
Steffie Collé ◽  
Hélène Brissart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Patient ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Interval Reproduction ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Distributed coding of duration in rodent prefrontal cortex during time reproduction

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Henke ◽  
David Bunk ◽  
Dina von Werder ◽  
Stefan Häusler ◽  
Virginia L Flanagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Distributed Coding ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
Regression Effect ◽  
Interval Reproduction

As we interact with the external world, we judge magnitudes from sensory information. The estimation of magnitudes has been characterized in primates, yet it is largely unexplored in non-primate species. Here we use time interval reproduction to study rodent behavior and its neural correlates in the context of magnitude estimation. We show that gerbils display primate-like magnitude estimation characteristics in time reproduction. Most prominently their behavioral responses show a systematic overestimation of small stimuli and an underestimation of large stimuli, often referred to as regression effect. We investigated the underlying neural mechanisms by recording from medial prefrontal cortex and show that the majority of neurons respond either during the measurement or the reproduction of a time interval. Cells that are active during both phases display distinct response patterns. We categorize the neural responses into multiple types and demonstrate that only populations with mixed responses can encode the bias of the regression effect. These results help unveil the organizing neural principles of time reproduction and perhaps magnitude estimation in general.

Effects of varied doses of psilocybin on time interval reproduction in human subjects

2008 ◽  
Vol 435 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Wackermann ◽  
Marc Wittmann ◽  
Felix Hasler ◽  
Franz X. Vollenweider
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Interval Reproduction

scholarly journals Distributed coding of stimulus magnitude across the rodent prefrontal cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Henke ◽  
David Bunk ◽  
Dina von Werder ◽  
Stefan Häusler ◽  
Virginia L Flanagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Distributed Coding ◽  
Regression Effect ◽  
Interval Reproduction

As we interact with the external world, we judge magnitudes from sensory information. The estimation of magnitudes has been characterized in primates, yet it is largely unexplored in non-primate species. Here, we show that gerbils that solve a time-interval reproduction task display primate-like magnitude estimation characteristics, most prominently a systematic overestimation of small stimuli and an underestimation of large stimuli, often referred to as regression effect. We investigated the underlying neural mechanisms by recording from medial prefrontal cortex and show that the majority of neurons respond either during the measurement or the reproduction of a time-interval. Cells that are active during both phases display distinct response patterns. We categorize the neural responses into multiple types and demonstrate that only populations with mixed responses can encode the bias of the regression effect. These results reveal the organizing neural principles of an important higher cognitive function.

Measurement of Time Indifference Intervals

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Time Interval ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Previous Response ◽  
Response Behaviour ◽  
General Finding ◽  
Interval Reproduction

Using S's previous response as his next stimulus in a time-interval reproduction task, response series were obtained from 22 individuals which tended toward limits independent of the initial intervals. The magnitudes of the intervals at these limits may, therefore, be properly called indifference intervals. 2 Ss gave responses which did not accord with this general finding. However, these results may be accounted for either as atypical response behaviour similar to that reported by other investigators or as erroneous responses due to a possible shortcoming of the method used. The actual cause remains to be found by further work.

scholarly journals A neural circuit model for human sensorimotor timing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth W. Egger ◽  
Nhat M. Le ◽  
Mehrdad Jazayeri
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Flexible Control ◽  
Interval Reproduction ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Temporal Events ◽  
External Stimuli

ABSTRACTHumans can rapidly and flexibly coordinate their movements with external stimuli. Theoretical considerations suggest that this flexibility can be understood in terms of how sensory responses reconfigure the neural circuits that control movements. However, because external stimuli can occur at unexpected times, it is unclear how the corresponding sensory inputs can be used to exert flexible control over the ongoing activity of recurrent neural circuits. Here, we tackle this problem in the domain of sensorimotor timing and develop a circuit-level model that provides insight into how the brain coordinates movement times with expected and unexpected temporal events. The model consists of two interacting modules, a motor planning module that controls movement times and a sensory anticipation module that anticipates external events. Both modules harbor a reservoir of latent dynamics and their interaction forms a control system whose output is adjusted adaptively to minimize timing errors. We show that the model’s output matches human behavior in a range of tasks including time interval production, periodic production, synchronization/continuation, and Bayesian time interval reproduction. These results demonstrate how recurrent interactions in a simple and modular neural circuit could create the dynamics needed to control temporal aspects of behavior.

Focusing of Visuospatial Attention

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Pesce ◽  
Rainer Bösel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Visuospatial Attention ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Simple Rt

Abstract In the present study we explored the focusing of visuospatial attention in subjects practicing and not practicing activities with high attentional demands. Similar to the studies of Castiello and Umiltà (e. g., 1990) , our experimental procedure was a variation of Posner's (1980) basic paradigm for exploring covert orienting of visuospatial attention. In a simple RT-task, a peripheral cue of varying size was presented unilaterally or bilaterally from a central fixation point and followed by a target at different stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOAs). The target could occur validly inside the cue or invalidly outside the cue with varying spatial relation to its boundary. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded to target stimuli under the different task conditions. RT and ERP findings showed converging aspects as well as dissociations. Electrophysiological results revealed an amplitude modulation of the ERPs in the early and late Nd time interval at both anterior and posterior scalp sites, which seems to be related to the effects of peripheral informative cues as well as to the attentional expertise. Results were: (1) shorter latency effects confirm the positive-going amplitude enhancement elicited by unilateral peripheral cues and strengthen the criticism against the neutrality of spatially nonpredictive peripheral cueing of all possible target locations which is often presumed in behavioral studies. (2) Longer latency effects show that subjects with attentional expertise modulate the distribution of the attentional resources in the visual space differently than nonexperienced subjects. Skilled practice may lead to minimizing attentional costs by automatizing the use of a span of attention that is adapted to the most frequent task demands and endogenously increases the allocation of resources to cope with less usual attending conditions.

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorder Symptoms

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Leonard Burns ◽  
James A. Walsh ◽  
David R. Patterson ◽  
Carol S. Holte ◽  
Rita Sommers-Flanagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorder ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Frequency Count ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Summary: Rating scales are commonly used to measure the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). While these scales have positive psychometric properties, the scales share a potential weakness - the use of vague or subjective rating procedures to measure symptom occurrence (e. g., never, occasionally, often, and very often). Rating procedures based on frequency counts for a specific time interval (e. g., never, once, twice, once per month, once per week, once per day, more than once per day) are less subjective and provide a conceptually better assessment procedure for these symptoms. Such a frequency count procedure was used to obtain parent ratings on the ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms in a normative (nonclinical) sample of 3,500 children and adolescents. Although the current study does not provide a direct comparison of the two types of rating procedures, the results suggest that the frequency count procedure provides a potentially more useful way to measure these symptoms. The implications of the results are noted for the construction of rating scales to measure the ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms.

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