scholarly journals Depth-specific optogenetic control in vivo with a scalable, high-density μLED neural probe

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Scharf ◽  
Tomomi Tsunematsu ◽  
Niall McAlinden ◽  
Martin D. Dawson ◽  
Shuzo Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Neural Probe ◽  
Optogenetic Control

High-density optrode-electrode neural probe using SixNy photonics for in vivo optogenetics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Hoffman ◽  
Marleen Welkenhuysen ◽  
Alexandra Andrei ◽  
Silke Musa ◽  
Zhenxiang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Neural Probe

scholarly journals Structure and Dynamics of Oxidized Lipoproteins In Vivo: Roles of High-Density Lipoprotein

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Itabe ◽  
Naoko Sawada ◽  
Tomohiko Makiyama ◽  
Takashi Obama
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Oxidized Lipoproteins

Oxidative modification of lipoproteins is implicated in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Earlier studies have elucidated on the mechanisms of foam cell formation and lipid accumulation in these lesions, which is mediated by scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Mounting clinical evidence has supported the involvement of oxLDL in cardiovascular diseases. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as anti-atherogenic; however, recent studies have shown circulating oxidized HDL (oxHDL) is related to cardiovascular diseases. A modified structure of oxLDL, which was increased in the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction, was characterized. It had two unique features: (1) a fraction of oxLDL accompanied oxHDL, and (2) apoA1 was heavily modified, while modification of apoB, and the accumulation of oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) was less pronounced. When LDL and HDL were present at the same time, oxidized lipoproteins actively interacted with each other, and oxPC and lysoPC were transferred to another lipoprotein particle and enzymatically metabolized rapidly. This brief review provides a novel view on the dynamics of oxLDL and oxHDL in circulation.

Rapid transformation of [3H]cholesteryl ester m rat high-density lipoprotein: in vivo and in vitro studies

Steroids ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 308-313
Author(s):  
I.J. Goldberg ◽  
R.S. Rosenfeld ◽  
I. Paul ◽  
L.K. Miller ◽  
M.L. Tiell
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Rapid Transformation

scholarly journals Processing of ARIA and release from isolated nerve terminals

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1381) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bomie Han ◽  
Gerald D. Fischbach
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Postsynaptic Membrane ◽  
High Density ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Presynaptic Nerve Terminal ◽  
Voltage Gated

The neuromuscular junction is a specialized synapse in that every action potential in the presynaptic nerve terminal results in an action potential in the postsynaptic membrane, unlike most interneuronal synapses where a single presynaptic input makes only a small contribution to the population postsynaptic response. The postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction contains a high density of neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) receptors and a high density of voltage–gated Na + channels. Thus, the large acetylcholine activated current occurs at the same site where the threshold for action potential generation is low. Acetylcholine receptor inducing activity (ARIA), a 42 kD protein, that stimulates synthesis of acetylcholine receptors and voltage–gated Na + channels in cultured myotubes, probably plays the same roles at developing and mature motor endplates in vivo . ARIA is synthesized as part of a larger, transmembrane, precursor protein called proARIA. Delivery of ARIA from motor neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord to the target endplates involves several steps, including proteolytic cleavage of proARIA. ARIA is also expressed in the central nervous system and it is abundant in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. In this paper we describe our first experiments on the processing and release of ARIA from subcellular fractions containing synaptosomes from the chick cerebellum as a model system.

Bimodal neural probe for highly co-localized chemical and electrical monitoring of neural activities in vivo

2021 ◽  
pp. 113473
Author(s):  
Uikyu Chae ◽  
Hyogeun Shin ◽  
Nakwon Choi ◽  
Mi-Jung Ji ◽  
Hyun-Mee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activities ◽  
Neural Probe

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Seeded High-Density Collagen Gel for Annular Repair: 6-Week Results From In Vivo Sheep Models

Neurosurgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. E350-E359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hussain ◽  
Stephen R Sloan ◽  
Christoph Wipplinger ◽  
Rodrigo Navarro-Ramirez ◽  
Micaella Zubkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
High Density ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Gel Treatment ◽  
Pfirrmann Grade

AbstractBACKGROUNDOur group has previously demonstrated in vivo annulus fibrosus repair in animal models using an acellular, riboflavin crosslinked, high-density collagen (HDC) gel.OBJECTIVETo assess if seeding allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into this gel yields improved histological and radiographic benefits in an in vivo sheep model of annular injury.METHODSFifteen lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) were randomized into 4 groups: intact, injury only, injury + acellular gel treatment, or injury + MSC-seeded gel treatment. Sheep were sacrificed at 6 wk. Disc height index (DHI), Pfirrmann grade, nucleus pulposus area, and T2 relaxation time (T2-RT) were calculated for each IVD and standardized to healthy controls from the same sheep. Quantitative histological assessment was also performed using the Han scoring system.RESULTSAll treated IVDs retained gel plugs on gross assessment and there were no adverse perioperative complications. The MSC-seeded gel treatment group demonstrated statistically significant improvement over other experimental groups in DHI (P = .002), Pfirrmann grade (P < .001), and T2-RT (P = .015). There was a trend for greater Han scores in the MSC-seeded gel-treated discs compared with injury only and acellular gel-treated IVDs (P = .246).CONCLUSIONMSC-seeded HDC gel can be delivered into injured IVDs and maintained safely in live sheep to 6 wk. Compared with no treatment and acellular HDC gel, our data show that MSC-seeded HDC gel improves outcomes in DHI, Pfirrmann grade, and T2-RT. Histological analysis shows improved annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus reconstitution and organization over other experimental groups as well.

Functional heterogeneity with respect to oestrogen treatment in prolactin cell subpopulations separated by Percoll gradient centrifugation

1994 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Velkeniers ◽  
M Kazemzadeh ◽  
L Vanhaelst ◽  
E L Hooghe-Peters
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Percoll Gradient ◽  
Prolactin Cell ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Prolactin Mrna

Abstract The effects of oestradiol on prolactin gene expression were studied by quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry in different prolactin pituitary cell (sub)populations, which had been obtained by separation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient. When cells were incubated in vitro in the presence of oestradiol (10−8 m) for a period of 4, 24, 48 and 72 h, there was an increase in the amount of prolactin mRNA, from 24 h on, only in high-density prolactin cells and lactotrophs of the total cell suspension. In contrast, the amount of prolactin mRNA in lactotrophs of low density did not change upon treatment with oestradiol. Pharmacological treatment with 50 μg oestradiol/day (s.c.) of random cycling female rats in vivo for 14 days increased the total number of prolactin gene-expressing cells and more lactotrophs were recovered at high density after Percoll gradient centrifugation. These results suggest a preferential stimulatory effect of oestradiol on prolactin gene transcription on a subpopulation of lactotrophs. Changes observed in prolactin cell layers after oestradiol treatment in vivo may represent a preferential effect in situ on a particular mammotroph cell subpopulation. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 141, 251–258

scholarly journals Potensi Hipolipidemik Yogurt dari Isolat Protein Biji Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) pada Tikus Hiperkolesterol dengan Perlakuan Jumlah Pakan

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Agus Slamet ◽  
Bayu Kanetro
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Winged Bean ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Concentration

Protein content of winged bean is almost the same as soybean, but the beany flavor is more poweful than soybean. Therefore the protein of winged bean was isolated prior to use as raw material of yogurt. This research was aimed to determine the potency of  hypocholestrolemic activity of yogurt protein isolate of winged  bean through in vivo bioassay by using Sprague Dawley male rats. The treatments of the research were yogurt feed treatment with concentration of yogurt 0 (standard feed without yogurt as a control), 2, and 4 g yogurt/day as low and high concentration treatment respectively for 4th weeks after hypercholesterol feed  treatment for 1 week. The blood lipid profile of rats, including triglyceride, cholesterol total, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low  Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were analysed on the 2nd  and 4th weeks for the yogurt feed treatment while for before  yogurt feed treatment, the evaluation were based on the  adaptation phase and the 1st week for hypercholesterol phase.  The result of this research showed that the blood triglyceride,  cholesterol total, LDL increased, and the blood HDL decreased in hypercholesterol phase before yogurt feed treatment. The potency of hypocholestrolemic of yogurt from protein isolate of winged  bean was shown by the decreasing of blood triglyceride,  cholesterol total, LDL and increasing the HDL cholesterol after the yogurt feed treatment with low and high concentration. That  indicated that yogurt that was made of protein isolate of winged  bean could reduced cholesterol. ABSTRAKBiji kecipir memiliki kadar protein yang hampir sama dengan  kedelai, namun bau langunya lebih tajam daripada kedelai,  sehingga perlu diisolasi proteinnya sebelum digunakan sebagai  bahan baku yogurt. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan  potensi hipokolesterolemik yogurt isolat proteun biji kecipir  melalui uji biologis in vivo menggunakan tikus jantan Sprague Dawley. Perlakuan penelitian ini adalah perlakuan pakan yogurt  dengan konsentrasi 0 (pakan standar tanpa penambahan yogurt sebagai kontrol), 2, dan 4 g yogurt/hari berturut-turut sebagai  perlakuan konsentrasi rendah dan tinggi selama 4 minggu  perlakuan pakan yogurt sesudah pemberian pakan hiperkolesterol selama 1 minggu. Profil lipida darah tikus meliputi kadar trigliserida, total kolesterol, kolesterol High Density  Lipoprotein (HDL), dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dianalisis  pada minggu ke 2 dan 4 minggu selama perlakuan pakan yogurt  dan sebelum perlakuan pakan yogurt yaitu pada fase pemeliharaan adaptasi dan 1 minggu pada fase pemeliharan  hiperkolesterol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa  trigliserida, total kolesterol, dan kolesterol LDL meningkat dan kolesterol HDL menurun selama fase pemberian pakan  hiperkolesterol sebelum perlakuan pakan yogurt. Potensi  hipokolesterol yogurt isolat protein biji kecipir ditunjukkan dengan penurunan trigliserida, total kolesterol, dan kolesterol LDL, serta peningkatan kolesterol HDL sesudah perlakuan pakan yogurt dengan konsentrasi rendah maupun tinggi. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa yogurt isolat protein biji kecipir mampu menurunkan kolesterol.

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