scholarly journals Single-domain flavoenzymes trigger lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases for oxidative degradation of cellulose

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sona Garajova ◽  
Yann Mathieu ◽  
Maria Rosa Beccia ◽  
Chloé Bennati-Granier ◽  
Frédéric Biaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

scholarly journals The foliar endophytePhialocephala scopiformisDAOMC 229536 secretes enzymes supporting growth on wood as sole carbon source

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Bhatnagar ◽  
Grzegorz Sabat ◽  
Daniel Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Cellobiose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Conifer Needle

AbstractThe conifer needle endophyte,Phialocephala scopiformis, was cultivated in media containing groundPinus contortawood as sole carbon source. After five and seven days growth, concentrated extracellular fluids were subjected to LC-MS/MS analyses. A total of 590 proteins were identified of which 99 were assigned to glycoside hydrolase families within the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAzyme) system. Multiple isozymes of exo-and endo-acting cellulases were among the most abundant proteins, and oxidative degradation of cellulose was supported by the presence of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases, glucooligosaccharide oxidase and cellobiose dehydrogenase. Oxidoreductases were also plentiful and included GMC oxidoreductases, alcohol dehydrogenases, laccases, copper radical oxidases, tyrosinases and catalase. The expression and diversity of extracellular oxidoreductases indicates a capacity to metabolize alcohols and aromatic compounds.

scholarly journals Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases as Chitin-Specific Virulence Factors in Crayfish Plague

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Federico Sabbadin ◽  
Bernard Henrissat ◽  
Neil C. Bruce ◽  
Simon J. McQueen-Mason
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Aphanomyces Astaci ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Enzyme Family ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Specific Virulence

The oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces astaci, also known as “crayfish plague”, is an obligate fungal-like parasite of freshwater crustaceans and is considered responsible for the ongoing decline of native European crayfish populations. A. astaci is thought to secrete a wide array of effectors and enzymes that facilitate infection, however their molecular mechanisms have been poorly characterized. Here, we report the identification of AA15 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) as a new group of secreted virulence factors in A. astaci. We show that this enzyme family has greatly expanded in A. astaci compared to all other oomycetes, and that it may facilitate infection through oxidative degradation of crystalline chitin, the most abundant polysaccharide found in the crustacean exoskeleton. These findings reveal new roles for LPMOs in animal–pathogen interactions, and could help inform future strategies for the protection of farmed and endangered species.

scholarly journals Novel molecular biological tools for the efficient expression of fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases in Pichia pastoris

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Rieder ◽  
Katharina Ebner ◽  
Anton Glieder ◽  
Morten Sørlie
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Expression Host ◽  
Shake Flask Cultivation ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Efficient Expression ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Background Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are attracting large attention due their ability to degrade recalcitrant polysaccharides in biomass conversion and to perform powerful redox chemistry. Results We have established a universal Pichia pastoris platform for the expression of fungal LPMOs using state-of-the-art recombination cloning and modern molecular biological tools to achieve high yields from shake-flask cultivation and simple tag-less single-step purification. Yields are very favorable with up to 42 mg per liter medium for four different LPMOs spanning three different families. Moreover, we report for the first time of a yeast-originating signal peptide from the dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1 (OST1) form S. cerevisiae efficiently secreting and successfully processes the N-terminus of LPMOs yielding in fully functional enzymes. Conclusion The work demonstrates that the industrially most relevant expression host P. pastoris can be used to express fungal LPMOs from different families in high yields and inherent purity. The presented protocols are standardized and require little equipment with an additional advantage with short cultivation periods.

scholarly journals Oxidative Power: Tools for Assessing LPMO Activity on Cellulose

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1098
Author(s):  
Federica Calderaro ◽  
Loes E. Bevers ◽  
Marco A. van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Power Tools ◽  
Reliable Methods

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have sparked a lot of research regarding their fascinating mode-of-action. Particularly, their boosting effect on top of the well-known cellulolytic enzymes in lignocellulosic hydrolysis makes them industrially relevant targets. As more characteristics of LPMO and its key role have been elucidated, the need for fast and reliable methods to assess its activity have become clear. Several aspects such as its co-substrates, electron donors, inhibiting factors, and the inhomogeneity of lignocellulose had to be considered during experimental design and data interpretation, as they can impact and often hamper outcomes. This review provides an overview of the currently available methods to measure LPMO activity, including their potential and limitations, and it is illustrated with practical examples.

Protein expression and extraction of hard-to-produce proteins in the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Hernandez Rollan ◽  
Kristoffer Bach Falkenberg ◽  
Maja Rennig ◽  
Andreas Birk Bertelsen ◽  
Morten Norholm
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Family ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Strain Bl21 ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

E. coli is a gram-negative bacteria used mainly in academia and in some industrial scenarios, as a protein production workhorse. This is due to its ease of manipulation and the range of genetic tools available. This protocol describes how to express proteins in the periplasm E. coli with the strain BL21 (DE3) using a T7 expression system. Specifically, it describes a series of steps and tips to express "hard-to-express" proteins in E. coli, as for instance, LPMOs. The protocol is adapted from Hemsworth, G. R., Henrissat, B., Davies, G. J., and Walton, P. H. (2014) Discovery and characterization of a new family of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. Nat. Chem. Biol.10, 122–126. .

Recent insights into lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1431-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Tandrup ◽  
Kristian E. H. Frandsen ◽  
Katja S. Johansen ◽  
Jean-Guy Berrin ◽  
Leila Lo Leggio
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper enzymes discovered within the last 10 years. By degrading recalcitrant substrates oxidatively, these enzymes are major contributors to the recycling of carbon in nature and are being used in the biorefinery industry. Recently, two new families of LPMOs have been defined and structurally characterized, AA14 and AA15, sharing many of previously found structural features. However, unlike most LPMOs to date, AA14 degrades xylan in the context of complex substrates, while AA15 is particularly interesting because they expand the presence of LPMOs from the predominantly microbial to the animal kingdom. The first two neutron crystallography structures have been determined, which, together with high-resolution room temperature X-ray structures, have putatively identified oxygen species at or near the active site of LPMOs. Many recent computational and experimental studies have also investigated the mechanism of action and substrate-binding mode of LPMOs. Perhaps, the most significant recent advance is the increasing structural and biochemical evidence, suggesting that LPMOs follow different mechanistic pathways with different substrates, co-substrates and reductants, by behaving as monooxygenases or peroxygenases with molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as a co-substrate, respectively.

scholarly journals On the expansion of biological functions of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMOs)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theruvothu Madathil Vandhana ◽  
Jean‐Lou Reyre ◽  
Dangudubiyyam Sushmaa ◽  
Jean‐Guy Berrin ◽  
Bastien Bissaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Functions ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Screening Methods for the Functional Investigation of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damao Wang ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Yuting Zheng ◽  
Yves S. Y. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ions ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽  
Functional Investigation ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenase

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) is a newly discovered and widely studied enzyme in recent years. These enzymes play a key role in the depolymerization of sugar-based biopolymers (including cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin and starch), and have a positive significance for biomass conversion. LPMO is a copper-dependent enzyme that can oxidize and cleave glycosidic bonds in cellulose and other polysaccharides. Their mechanism of action depends on the correct coordination of copper ions in the active site. There are still difficulties in the analysis of LPMO activity, which often requires multiple methods to be used in concert. In this review, we discussed various LPMO activity analysis methods reported so far, including mature mass spectrometry, chromatography, labeling, and indirect measurements, and summarized the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different methods.

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