scholarly journals A screen for constituents of motor control and decision making in Drosophila reveals visual distance-estimation neurons

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Triphan ◽  
Aljoscha Nern ◽  
Sonia F. Roberts ◽  
Wyatt Korff ◽  
Daniel Q. Naiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Visual Distance

Culture affects visual distance estimation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Soliman ◽  
Alison E. Gibson ◽  
Arthur M. Glenberg
Keyword(s):  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Visual Distance

scholarly journals Effects Of Within-Modal Congruency, Cross-Modal Congruency, And Temporal Asynchrony On The Perception Of Percieved Audio-Visual Distance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Michael Paul Wilbiks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Dynamic Setting ◽  
Visual Distance ◽  
Visual Binding ◽  
Temporal Factors ◽  
Spatial Decision Making ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

When making decisions as to whether or not to bind auditory and visual information, temporal, spatial and congruency factors all contribute to the acceptance or rejection of multi-modal unity. While many of these factors have been studied in isolation, it is important to examine how they interact in a dynamic setting, in addition to evaluating ideas about the intrinsic relation between audition and the processing of time, and vision and the processing of space. Four experiments are presented, placing auditory and visual stimuli in a competitive binding scenario, to compare the effects of temporal and spatial factors both within and between modalities. Results support the dominance of auditory factors in temporal decision-making, and visual factors in spatial decision-making, with additional evidence for the presence of visual looming. With respect to audio-visual binding, the findings indicate precedence for temporal factors, with reliance on congruency factors only when the stimulus pairings are temporally ambiguous.

scholarly journals Social decision making in autism: On the impact of mirror neurons, motor control, and imitative behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radwa Khalil ◽  
Richard Tindle ◽  
Thomas Boraud ◽  
Ahmed A. Moustafa ◽  
Ahmed A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Social Decision ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Decision Making, Control, and Concept Formation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin V. Butz ◽  
Esther F. Kutter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Interactive Control ◽  
Motor Primitives ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Event Boundary

While attention controls the internal, mental focus of attention, motor control directs the bodily control focus. Our nervous system is structured in a cascade of interactive control loops, where the primary self-stabilizing control loops can be found directly in the body’s morphology and the muscles themselves. The hierarchical structure enables flexible and selective motor control and the invocation of motor primitives and motor complexes. The learning of motor primitives and complexes again adheres to certain computational systematicities. Redundant behavioral alternatives are encoded in an abstract manner, enabling fast habitual decision making and slower, more elaborated planning processes for realizing context-dependent behavior adaptations. On a higher level, behavior can be segmented into events, during which a particular behavior unfolds, and event boundaries, which characterize the beginning or the end of a behavior. Combinations of events and event boundaries yield event schemata. Hierarchical combinations of event schemata on shorter and longer time scales yield event taxonomies. When developing event boundary detectors, our mind begins to develop environmental conceptualizations. Evidence is available that suggests that such event-oriented conceptualizations are inherently semantic and closely related to linguistic, generative models. Thus, by optimizing behavioral versatility and developing progressively more abstract codes of environmental interactions and manipulations, cognitive encodings develop, which are supporting symbol grounding and grammatical language development.

scholarly journals Visual Distance Estimation in Static Compared to Moving Virtual Scenes

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Frenz ◽  
Markus Lappe
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Virtual Scene ◽  
Visual Distance ◽  
Control Direction

Visual motion is used to control direction and speed of self-motion and time-to-contact with an obstacle. In earlier work, we found that human subjects can discriminate between the distances of different visually simulated self-motions in a virtual scene. Distance indication in terms of an exocentric interval adjustment task, however, revealed linear correlation between perceived and indicated distances but with a profound distance underestimation. One possible explanation for this underestimation is the perception of visual space in virtual environments. Humans perceive visual space in natural scenes as curved, and distances are increasingly underestimated with increasing distance from the observer. Such spatial compression may also exist in our virtual environment. We therefore surveyed perceived visual space in a static virtual scene. We asked observers to compare two horizontal depth intervals, similar to experiments performed in natural space. Subjects had to indicate the size of one depth interval relative to a second interval. Our observers perceived visual space in the virtual environment as compressed, similar to the perception found in natural scenes. However, the nonlinear depth function we found can not explain the observed distance underestimation of visual simulated self-motions in the same environment.

scholarly journals Effects of reward history on decision-making and movement vigor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruthi Sukumar ◽  
Reza Shadmehr ◽  
Alaa A Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Control Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments

During foraging, animals decide how long to stay and harvest reward, and then abandon that site and travel with a certain speed to the next reward opportunity. One aspect of this behavior involves decision-making, while the other involves motor-control. A recent theory posits that control of decision-making and movements may be linked via a desire to maximize a single normative utility: the sum of all rewards acquired, minus all efforts expended, divided by time. If this is the case, then the history of rewards, and not just its immediate availability, should dictate how long one decides to stay and harvest reward, and how slowly one travels to the next opportunity. We tested this theory in a series of experiments in which humans used their hand to harvest tokens at a reward patch, and then used their arm to reach toward a subsequent opportunity. Following a history of poor rewards, people not only foraged for a longer period, but also moved slower to the next reward site. Thus, reward history had a consistent effect on both the decision-making process regarding when to abandon a reward site, and the motor control process regarding how fast to move to the next opportunity.

Individual Differences in Visual, Motor and Cognitive Performances: Correlations with a Simulated Shuttle Landing Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 589-593
Author(s):  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Norman E. Lane ◽  
Janet J. Turnage ◽  
Deborah L. Harm
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Visual Motor

Numerous physiological changes which occur during and following space flight are well-documented. It seems likely that the frequency and severity of these physiological changes would be accompanied by changes in cognition, sensory system integrity, skilled motor control, and complex decision making. However, changes in performance in these areas are not well documented nor understood. Documenting the extent and nature of such potential performance decrements, to the extent that they occur, becomes increasingly important as NASA prepares for longer duration missions on space station and contemplates more complex missions in future exploration of space. We explored the application of a methodology we are developing called surrogate testing. The method requires the linkage of complex real world tasks to more elemental tasks. This report shows, as first steps, predictive validities of such tests for a simulated shuttle landing and provides a series of surrogate scores which can be used to evaluate stresses and drug effects.

Embedded Real-Time Visual Search with Visual Distance Estimation

2017 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Marco Paracchini ◽  
Emanuele Plebani ◽  
Mehdi Ben Iche ◽  
Danilo Pietro Pau ◽  
Marco Marcon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Visual Distance
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